Résultats de la recherche

1 May 2021 R

The European Digital Markets Act proposal: How to improve a regulatory revolution

Alexandre de Streel, Pierre Larouche • N° 2-2021 • pp. 46-63

The paper analyses the recent European Commission Proposal for a Digital Markets Act which will regulate the digital gatekeepers in order to increase market contestability and fairness in the European digital economy. First, the paper summarises the main elements of the Commission proposal: (...)

1 May 2021 R

Digital platforms and competition policy in developing countries

Harry First • N° 2-2021

Article to be published in Eleanor Fox Liber Amicorum, N. Charbit and al. (eds.), Concurrences, 2021. Big tech platforms have become a subject of intense antitrust scrutiny in developed economies, most recently in the United States. The thesis of this article is that the power of platforms is (...)

1 Feb 2021 R

Legal, institutional and policy implications of the introduction of a new competition tool

Assimakis Komninos, Georgios Gryllos • N° 1-2021

As the European Commission is preparing its proposal for a ’New Competition Tool’, we look at the legal, Institutional and policy Implications of such a tool. We examine questions of legal basis, substantive standard of Intervention, procedural design and judicial review and the role of EU (...)

1 Feb 2021 R

A new era for antitrust market definition

Viktoria Robertson • N° 1-2021 • pp. 84-92

A new era is dawning for market definition under EU competition law. It is being rung in by five distinct developments that, together, foreshadow the future of the relevant market as a tool of competition law. A plethora of policy reports on digital markets have made recommendations for (...)

1 Nov 2020 R

Some reactions to “reactionary antitrust”

Seth Sacher, John M. Yun • N° 4-2020

Over the past several years, the consensus that antitrust should focus on protecting the competitive process as measured through its impact on consumer welfare has come under increasing attack. In a recent article, Professor John Newman critiques certain arguments made by those defending the (...)

1 Nov 2020 R

De facto control in EU merger control law

Alexandre Rouhette, Pierre Garenne • N° 4-2020

The Commission’s 2008 Consolidated Jurisdictional Notice addresses the concept of de facto control only superficially. In practice, the notion of de facto control raises many questions. Based on an analysis of the Commission’s decisional practice, this article aims to lay out the analytical grid (...)

1^er nov. 2020 R

Les géants du numérique face à l’interdiction des abus de dépendance économique : Les Français contre-attaquent

Anne-Sophie Choné-Grimaldi • N° 4-2020 • pp. 84-92

La récente condamnation d’Apple pour abus de dépendance économique par l’Autorité de la concurrence atteste-t-elle de l’utilité de cette qualification de droit national de la concurrence, dans la lutte contre la toute-puissance des géants du numérique ? Nous en doutons. Pour les véritables problématiques (...)

1 Nov 2020 R

Publication of antitrust decisions of the European Commission

Wouter Wils • N° 4-2020 • pp. 93-108

This paper deals with the publication by the European Commission of its decisions adopted in the enforcement of the competition rules laid down in Articles 101 and 102 TFEU (antitrust decisions). The paper examines the legal basis of such publication and the interests justifying publication; (...)

1 Sep 2020 R

Antitrust and restrictions on privacy in the digital economy

Nicholas Economides, Ioannis Lianos • N° 3-2020

We present a model of a market failure based on a requirement provision by digital platforms in the acquisition of personal information from users of other products/services. We establish the economic harm from the market failure and the requirement using traditional antitrust methodology. (...)

1 Sep 2020 R

Antitrust, intellectual property, and dynamic efficiency: An essay in honor of Herbert Hovenkamp

Thomas F. Cotter • N° 3-2020

Article to be published in Herbert Hovenkamp Liber Amicorum, N. Charbit and al. (eds.), Concurrences, 2021. This essay argues that, while intellectual property (IP) and antitrust often operate as complementary bodies of law, in some residuum of cases there will be widespread disagreement among (...)

1 Sep 2020 R

Untangling the inextricable: The notion of “same offence” in EU competition law

Pierpaolo Rossi, Valentina Sansonetti • N° 3-2020 • pp. 59-68

In the EU, the ne bis in idem principle restricts the ability of enforcement authorities to prosecute or punish the same defendant for the same criminal offence more than once. That protection applies to competition fines due to its punitive and deterrent nature and its degree of severity. (...)

1 Sep 2020 R

COVID-19: Lessons learned in public procurement. Time for a new normal?

Laurence Folliot-Lalliot, Christopher R. Yukins • N° 3-2020 • pp. 46-58

The COVID-19 crisis upended markets and assumptions in public procurement, and posed an almost existential threat to traditional procurement systems. Seismic changes in economic relationships – governments were no longer monopsonists, government officials failed as economic intermediaries (...)

1^er sept. 2020 R

Les programmes de clémence européens et les actions privées de concurrence : Les liaisons dangereuses

Adeline Archimbaud • N° 3-2020

La Directive « Dommages et Intérêts » a fortement remis en cause l’attractivité des programmes de clémence. Les aménagements de sauvegarde prévus par celle-ci n’ont pas su préserver l’efficacité de cet outil clé pour la détection des ententes par les autorités de concurrence européennes. Dès lors, le système (...)

1 May 2020 R

Pursuing regulatory objectives under competition law

Christian Bergqvist • N° 2-2020

While the Commission has stood its ground against political pressure to relax enforcement for the purpose of grooming European champions, that does not mean only economic welfare arguments have been accepted under competition law. Rather, over the years a pattern has emerged whereby, in the (...)

1 May 2020 R

The platform-to-business regulation: Taming the “big tech” beast?

Konstantina Bania • N° 2-2020 • pp. 52-64

In recent years, the term “online platforms” has almost monopolized discussions in EU policy circles. The EU institutions have taken several initiatives in the realms of competition enforcement and regulatory law that seek to ensure that the current legal framework is adapted to the specificities (...)

1^er févr. 2020 R

Conflits d’intérêts et places de marché : Une approche commercialiste

Alexandre Rouhette • N° 1-2020

Les récentes investigations de la Commission européenne relatives à Amazon ont mis en lumière la problématique des conflits d’intérêts en droit de la concurrence. Cet article explore les moyens envisageables pour préserver la concurrence tout en réglementant les conflits d’intérêts inhérents aux (...)

1 Feb 2020 R

Mobile telecommunications mergers in the EU – Remedies revisited

Bernd Langeheine, Beatriz Martos Stevenson, Jan Przerwa • N° 1-2020 • pp. 52-67

The present article looks at key recent decisions on mobile mergers and examines the development of the Commission’s assessment of the respective remedies offered to overcome the competitive harm identified during the investigation. It describes the marked shift in the approach to remedies which (...)

1 Feb 2020 R

Fundamental Procedural Rights and Effective Enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU in the European Competition Network

Wouter Wils • N° 1-2020

This paper deals with the fundamental procedural rights of companies that are targeted in the enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU by the European Commission or the competition authorities of the EU Member States. The paper first provides a (non-exhaustive) list of such rights as applicable (...)

1 Nov 2019 R

Reactionary Antitrust

John M. Newman • N° 4-2019 • pp. 66-72

Article to be published in Herbert Hovenkamp Liber Amicorum, N. Charbit and al. (eds.), Concurrences, 2020. The antitrust enterprise is undergoing a renaissance. New voices have emerged. Issues long considered settled have been opened for re-examination. Lively debate has prompted antitrust (...)

1 Nov 2019 R

Antitrust and the clash of sovereigns - Bringing under one roof: Extraterritoriality, industrial policy, foreign sovereign compulsion, and (bad) applications of law against “my country’s” firms

Eleanor M. Fox • N° 4-2019 • pp. 73-80

Article to be published in Douglas Ginsburg Liber Amicorum, N. Charbit and al. (eds.), Concurrences, 2020. When sovereign conflicts arise in the course of antitrust litigation, the traditional response is to retreat to “comity.” This article challenges the traditional response. It argues that we (...)

1 Nov 2019 R

Forging links between competition authorities and academic institutions

Mel Marquis • N° 4-2019

Article to be published in Frédéric Jenny: Standing Up for Convergence and Relevance in Antitrust, Vol. II, N. Charbit and al. (eds.), Concurrences, 2019. This article explores the scope for cooperation between competition authorities and academic institutions and posits a number of strategies (...)

1 Sep 2019 R

Google’s (forgotten) monopoly – Ad technology services on the open web

Damien Geradin, Dimitrios Katsifis • N° 3-2019

Online advertising is the fuel of the digital economy. Yet despite the industry’s gigantic growth, the lion’s share is captured by a handful of digital platforms, leaving a small share of revenue for publishers, further reduced by commissions charged by ad tech companies. Against this background, (...)

1 Sep 2019 R

Google and the trans-Atlantic antitrust abyss

Christian Bergqvist, Jonathan Rubin • N° 3-2019

During the late 2000s, several jurisdictions, including the EU and the U.S., opened investigations into potential antitrust violations by the Internet search firm, Google, for alleged bias in the ranking of the links returned in response to search queries. While the EU investigations in 2017 (...)

1 Sep 2019 R

The obligation for the competition authorities of the EU Member States to apply EU antitrust law and the Facebook decision of the Bundeskartellamt

Wouter Wils • N° 3-2019 • pp. 58-66

Article 3 of Regulation 1/2003 obliges the competition authorities of the EU Member States (national competition authorities or NCAs) to apply Articles 101 and 102 TFEU (EU antitrust law) whenever they apply national competition law to conduct falling within the scope of EU antitrust law. (...)

1^er sept. 2019 R

L’abus de domination sur le marché numérique : Pour une lecture juridique du déséquilibre économique à l’aune des oligopoles

Nils Monnerie • N° 3-2019 • pp. 67-75

Les condamnations se suivent sans toujours se ressembler de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique. Cependant, il est certain que le marché du numérique est au cœur des préoccupations des autorités européennes et américaines. Pratiques anticoncurrentielles, pratiques commerciales abusives et atteintes aux (...)

1 Sep 2019 R

Independence of competition authorities: The example of the EU and its Member States

Wouter Wils • N° 3-2019

At the end of 2018, the European Parliament and Council adopted Directive (EU) 2019/1, often referred to as the “ECN+ Directive,” which, among other things, contains provisions ensuring the independence of the competition authorities of the EU Member States (national competition authorities or (...)

1^er mai 2019 R

Une repénalisation du droit de la concurrence en France ? À propos de l’utilisation de l’article 40 du code de procédure pénale par les services d’instruction de l’Autorité

Robert Saint-Esteben • N° 2-2019 • pp. 54-65

Le rapporteur général de l’Autorité de la concurrence entend utiliser la saisine du parquet par la voie de l’art. 40 du code de procédure pénale pour accroître l’efficacité de l’activité de l’Autorité, en bénéficiant notamment des moyens d’investigation plus étendus de la procédure pénale. Cependant, la (...)

1 May 2019 R

Conditional pricing and the AEC test: A happy marriage or an awkward couple?

Lucas Peeperkorn • N° 2-2019 • pp. 40-53

In this article the question is investigated whether and when conditional pricing and the AEC test form a happy couple. In situations where rebates are used to dampen competition between incumbents or as an exploitative device, applying the AEC test does not make sense. However, in cases where (...)

1^er févr. 2019 R

Qualification d’aide d’État et compensation des coûts des entreprises

Cheik Galokho • N° 1-2019 • pp. 56-65

La qualification d’aide d’État ne peut être retenue que si un soutien public confère un avantage à une entreprise. L’avantage disparaît lorsque le soutien public ne fait que compenser certains coûts auxquels l’entreprise bénéficiaire fait face. Mais la distinction entre les coûts qui peuvent être compensés (...)

1^er févr. 2019 R

Le régime juridique des pratiques restrictives de concurrence en question

Frédéric Jenny • N° 1-2019

La prohibition des pratiques restrictives de concurrence est une des particularités du droit français de la concurrence. Pour une large part, elle vise à restreindre la liberté de négociation entre fournisseurs et distributeurs ou à contraindre le résultat de cette négociation. L’objet de la (...)

1 Feb 2019 R

Legal professional privilege in EU antitrust enforcement: Law, policy & procedure

Wouter Wils • N° 1-2019

This paper discusses the law, policy and procedure of legal professional privilege in EU antitrust enforcement. It focuses primarily on the enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU by the European Commission, but also touches briefly on the enforcement of EU antitrust law by the competition (...)

1 Nov 2018 R

Connecting competition law standards to the Internet of things

Aymeric de Moncuit • N° 4-2018 • pp. 85-94

The advent of the Internet of Things will entail a new Internet revolution and bring about profound changes that will rival the first wave of Internet innovation. This paper explores the competition law implications raised by this upcoming revolution. Starting by discussing the merits of open (...)

1^er nov. 2018 R

Le règlement des différends par l’Arafer : Un instrument de régulation efficace à la disposition des acteurs du secteur

Matthieu Poujol • N° 4-2018 • pp. 95-103

La procédure de règlement des différends a permis à l’Autorité de régulation des activités ferroviaires et routières d’améliorer de manière décisive les conditions d’accès au réseau ferroviaire et aux installations de service. Dans la perspective de l’ouverture à la concurrence du marché du transport (...)

1^er sept. 2018 R

La restriction accessoire à une opération de concentration, une immunité circonscrite

Faustine Viala • N° 3-2018

En droit de l’Union européenne, le régime des restrictions accessoires, c’est-à-dire des restrictions directement liées et nécessaires, à une opération de concentration est celui de l’autoévaluation par les parties. En d’autres termes, une décision d’autorisation de concentration n’est pas un blanc-seing (...)

1 Sep 2018 R

Convergence, divergence or disturbance – How major economic powers approach international antitrust

Michael Ristaniemi • N° 3-2018

This article attempts to understand how the driving forces of the global economy — the European Union, the United States, and China — view and approach international antitrust. This will be done by analysing recent stances that they have taken as well as longer trends in their actions and (...)

1 Sep 2018 R

To hire or not to hire: U.S. cartel enforcement targeting employment practices

Dina Hoffer, Elizabeth Prewitt • N° 3-2018 • pp. 78-85

In October 2016, the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice announced its intention to thereafter—and for the first time—criminally prosecute “naked” no-poach and wage-fixing agreements. Fundamental fairness questions arise when the Justice Department expands the reach of its criminal (...)

1 Sep 2018 R

Reflections on gun jumping in mergers

Isabelle de Silva • N° 3-2018 • pp. 55-66

On 8 November 2016 Altice-SFR was fined 80 million euros by the French Competition Authority for Gun jumping. This decision, first of a kind in Europe with regard to the fine’s amount and the practices at stake, has raised a debate amongst lawyers and companies towards its potential impact on (...)

1^er sept. 2018 R

La place du Parlement européen dans le modèle institutionnel de concurrence de l’Union européenne

Claire Mongouachon, Lionel Zevounou • N° 3-2018 • pp. 67-77

L’article analyse d’un point de vue juridique et politique le rôle marginal réservé au Parlement européen dans l’édiction et la mise en œuvre des règles de concurrence. Il décrit le mouvement d’intensification du contrôle parlementaire exercé sur la Commission européenne. Il montre comment, sur le fondement (...)

1 May 2018 R

From Greek olive oil to Latvian music: Is there any such thing as unfair prices?

Nils Wahl • N° 2-2018

Whether antitrust laws should and, if so, under what conditions, prohibit dominant firms to charge “excessive” or “unfair” prices to consumers remains a very controversial issue. It is thus not surprising that, in that respect, different jurisdictions have made different choices. For example, US (...)

1^er mai 2018 R

Contrôle des concentrations - L’appréhension des participations minoritaires par la Commission européenne : Des solutions classiques aux thèses d’avant-garde

Marie-Cecile Rameau, Yelena Trifounovitch • N° 2-2018 • pp. 50-59

En 2017, la Commission européenne s’est intéressée aux participations minoritaires classiques, industrielles ou commerciales, qu’une entreprise détient dans une autre, soit pour identifier un contrôle exclusif de fait, y compris en l’absence de quasi-certitude d’obtenir la majorité à l’assemblée (...)

1 May 2018 R

Assessing online platform mergers: Taking up the new challenges faced by the French Competition Authority in the digital economy

Isabelle de Silva • N° 2-2018 • pp. 39-49

The purpose of this article is to share the lessons learned by the French Competition Authority (“FCA”) following its first in-depth investigation of a merger case involving two major online platforms. The FCA believes that anti-competitive risks arising out of Internet platform mergers must be (...)

1 May 2018 R

Common sense about common ownership

Douglas H. Ginsburg, Keith Klovers • N° 2-2018

Some scholars have argued that the phenomenon known as common ownership, particularly by large investment managers, is anticompetitive and prohibited by the U.S. antitrust laws. These proponents call for the divestiture of trillions of dollars of equities. We believe the argument for antitrust (...)

1 May 2018 R

NRAs decisions: Zero rating and net neutrality challenges

Carlo Edoardo Cazzato, Stefano De Luca • N° 2-2018

The purpose of this paper is to identify policy and regulatory implications of a recent commercial practice called zero rating. Zero rating describes a situation whereby internet service providers do not calculate the data volume consumed for accessing particular online content, applications or (...)

1 Feb 2018 R

The decline and fall of the leniency programme in Europe

Johan Ysewyn, Siobhan Kahmann • N° 1-2018 • pp. 44-59

The authors explore the reasons behind the reduction in immunity applications for cartels in Europe. This confirms the Commission’s reliance on immunity applications to uncover cartels, discusses the features of the current regime for applicants in detail, and assesses whether the benefits and (...)

1 Feb 2018 R

Unfair prices: A few remarks on competition policy and antitrust analysis

Gabriella Muscolo, Giovanni Pitruzzella • N° 1-2018 • pp. 60-67

Recent antitrust intervention against unfair prices in the pharmaceutical industry by the Italian and UK competition authorities, as well as the answer of the European Court of Justice to preliminary questions from the Latvian Supreme Court, have breathed new life into the longstanding debate (...)

1 Feb 2018 R

Institutional design of enforcing public interest considerations in merger control

Aranka Nagy • N° 1-2018

The author analyses whether or not competition policy should aim to achieve non-competition-related goals. Should other considerations than consumer welfare be taken into account in the standard merger assessment? Furthermore, the author examines how competition regimes can meet the public (...)

1^er nov. 2017 R

Réflexions sur l’évolution de la preuve des pratiques anticoncurrentielles devant les autorités de concurrence

Laurence Idot • N° 4-2017 • pp. 45-59

La preuve des pratiques anticoncurrentielles a subi de profondes évolutions au cours des trente dernières années. La charge de la preuve qui pèse sur les autorités de concurrence est de plus en plus lourde et variée, mais parallèlement, les techniques qui permettent d’alléger cette charge se sont (...)

1 Nov 2017 R

Competition Authorities: Towards More Independence and Prioritisation? – The European Commission’s “ECN+” Proposal for a Directive to empower the competition authorities of the Member States to be more effective enforcers

Wouter Wils • N° 4-2017 • pp. 60-80

This paper contains my contribution to the panel “Competition authorities: Towards more independence and prioritisation?” at the 8th International Concurrences Review Conference “New Frontiers of Antitrust” (Paris, 26 June 2017). It focuses in particular on the European Commission’s “ECN+” Proposal (...)

1 Nov 2017 R

Fairness and competition law: A fairness paradox

Maurits J. F. M. Dolmans, Wanjie Lin • N° 4-2017

“Fairness” in EU competition law is hotly debated. This article explores the concept from a sociological, philosophical, and legal perspective, and suggests there is a fairness paradox: while competition law should reflect the values of fairness, if fairness were actually employed in substantive (...)

1^er sept. 2017 R

Comparaison n’est pas raison : Pour une clarification du critère de sélectivité d’une aide d’État

Olivier Peiffert • N° 3-2017 • pp.52-63

En l’état du droit, la condition de sélectivité d’une aide d’État, au sens de l’article 107 §1 TFUE, reste à clarifier. Le présent article propose de tenir compte de ce que cette condition appelle une comparaison des traitements réservés à différentes catégories d’entreprises, qui est une opération (...)

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