On the appeal proceedings against the infringement decision made by the Italian Competition Authority (ICA) in Google/Enel X [1], the highest Italian administrative court, the Council of State (CdS), referred the matter to the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU). What the CdS sought from the CJEU in the ensuing Alphabet case [2], is clarification on some issues surrounding the application of Article 102 TFEU to digital markets. And more precisely, how a ‘refusal to deal’ abusive practice should be assessed in relation to a digital platform. The facts of the case Google has developed Android Auto as extension of its Android operating system for smartphones and tablets developed by Google. Android Auto allows motorists to use apps included in the Android ecosystem, such as Google Maps,
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The Italian Council of State seeks clarification from the EU Court of Justice in the context of refusal to deal in digital markets (Google / Enel X)
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