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Over the past few decades, large-scale cross-border mergers have affected all sectors of the economy in developed and emerging countries. Moreover, the large groups of multinational companies have taken advantage of the environment created by trade liberalization to multiply anti-competitive practices, the effects of which have been felt in several regions of the world. It is therefore paradoxical to continue to defend the liberalization of international trade and the dismantling of state barriers without putting limits on the anti-competitive practices of private economic actors. Doesn’t the globalization of anti-competitive practices and mergers justify the need for an internationalization of competition law and a normative reaction by States? In this context, what is the most appropriate legal framework for regulating competition on world markets? Are we not witnessing the rehabilitation of the role of the State in international economic relations in order to regulate private economic powers and create a global competitive order? Does this legal construction of state origin promise to defend common interests and certain non-market values? This collective work, which brings together the proceedings of a conference held at the University of Burgundy in June 2007, aims to provide some answers to these questions and at the same time to provide a critical reading of the international rules in force and of the work in progress within the international bodies and organizations. It also attempts to put into perspective the processes and manifestations of the normative reactions of States.
