The last word is always to the defendant

*This article is an automatic translation of the original article, provided here for your convenience. Read the original article. Two rulings in the space of a few weeks, one by the European Court of Human Rights and the other by the Court of Justice of the European Union, have shed decisive light on the highly controversial issue of the relationship between administrative procedures for the enforcement of competition law infringements and fundamental rights. In the Menarini judgment, delivered on 27 September 2011, the Strasbourg Court examined the compliance with Article 6 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of the imposition by an administrative authority, in this case the Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato, of financial