Group purchasing organizations (GPOs) are companies that negotiate prices for drugs, devices, and other medical products and services on behalf of healthcare providers, including hospitals, ambulatory care facilities, physician practices, nursing homes, and home health agencies. Often, GPOs are owned by their member providers. They do not take title to or possession of medical products. Rather, the central purpose of GPOs is to enhance the quality of the services delivered and lower their members’ operating costs by reducing transaction costs and negotiating lower prices for supplies than providers might otherwise obtain on their own. As part of improving efficiency in the supply chain, GPOs also provide a range of additional services to healthcare providers that may lower costs or improve operations. © Federal Trade Commission
This Glossary matches the list of keywords used by Concurrences search engine. Each keyword is automatically updated by the most recent EU and national case laws from the e-Competitions Bulletin and Concurrences Review. The definitions are excerpt from DG COMP’s Glossary of terms used in EU competition policy (© European Union, 2002) and the OECD’s Glossary of industrial organisation economics and competition law (© OECD, 1993).
Group purchasing organization
Glossary
A
Absolute territorial protection
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Abuse of dominant position
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Abuse of economic dependence
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Access to essential facility
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Access to information
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Access to the file
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Agency agreement
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Agent
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Agreement (notion)
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Amicus curiae
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Ancillary restraints
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Annulment
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Anticompetitive objet or effect
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Anticompetitive practices
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Applicable law
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Arbitration
B
C
Cartel
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Clearance phase I (merger)
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Clearance phase II (merger)
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Collecting society
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Collective dominance
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Collective redress (class action)
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Competence
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Competition policy
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Competition policy
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Complaint
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Compliance programme
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Compulsory license
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Concerted practices
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Concession
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Concurrent jurisdiction
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Consumers protection
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Consumers’ associations
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Control (change)
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Control (notion)
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Cooperation Agreement
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Cooperation between competition authorities
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Coordinated effects
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Copyright
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Corporate group
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Corruption
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Cost-based access
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Criminal sanctions
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Cross subsidisation
D
E
ECHR
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Economic analysis
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Economic efficiency
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Effect on trade between Member States
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Effective judicial protection
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Environmental protection
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Essential facility
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European Competition Network (ECN)
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Excess prices
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Exchanges of information
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Exclusive distribution
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Exclusive purchasing agreement
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Exclusive right (Art. 106 TFEU)
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Exclusivity clause
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Exhaustion
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Extra-territoriality
F
I
M
P
Parallel imports (parallel trade)
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Passing-on
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Pay-for-delay
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Periodic penalty payment
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Personal data
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Predatory pricing
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Preliminary ruling (Art. 267 TFUE)
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Price discrimination
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Price-fixing agreement
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Prices
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Principle of effectiveness
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Principle of equal treatment
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Principle of equivalence
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Principle of proportionality
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Private enforcement
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Privatization
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Procedural autonomy
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Professional association
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Public procurement
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Public undertaking
R
S
Sector inquiry
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Selective distribution
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Services of general economic interest
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Single branding
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Sole control
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Spill-over effects
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Standard-Essential Patent (SEP)
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State action defense
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State aid (compatibility)
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State aid (existing aid)
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State aid (notification)
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State aid (notion)
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State aid (recovery)
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State aid (tax ruling)
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State aid (unlawful aid)
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State measure
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Sudden break of established business relationships
