Commission, European

This Glossary matches the list of keywords used by Concurrences search engine. Each keyword is automatically updated by the most recent EU and national case laws from the e-Competitions Bulletin and Concurrences Review. The definitions are excerpt from DG COMP’s Glossary of terms used in EU competition policy (© European Union, 2002) and the OECD’s Glossary of industrial organisation economics and competition law (© OECD, 1993).

Geographic market

The relevant geographic market comprises the area in which the undertakings concerned are involved in the supply and Remand of products or services, in which the conditions of competition are sufficiently homogeneous and which can be distinguished from neighbouring areas because the conditions of competition are appreciably different in those area. © European Commission

Related EU and national case law

Spanish Competition Authority The Spanish Competition Authority fines 33 school transport companies and one association for creating a school transport cartel (School transport cartel / Asociación Navarra de Empresarios del Transporte por Carretera y Logística)

16 September 2020

The CNMC fines 33 school transport companies and one association for creating a school transport cartel in Navarre* The companies conspired to share the school transport by zones and deceive the School Board of the Government of Navarre, driving up the prices of the service for 8 years. The (...)

German Competition Authority The German Competition Authority clears the acquisition of a publishing house by a media company (J. Bauer / Ruhr Nachrichten Verlag)

4 September 2020

Bundeskartellamt clears takeover of J. Bauer publishing house by Ruhr Nachrichten Verlag* The Bundeskartellamt has cleared plans by Ruhr Nachrichten Verlag & Co. KG (Lensing Media) to acquire all the shares in Verlag J. Bauer KG. Bauer publishes the newspaper Recklinghäuser Zeitung, which (...)

Australian Competition Authority The Australian Competition Authority finds preliminary competition concerns with a proposed merger between 2 largest commercial laundry services providers in multiple geographic markets (South Pacific Laundry / Spotless Laundries)

27 August 2020

South Pacific Laundry’s proposed acquisition of Spotless Laundries raises preliminary competition concerns* The ACCC has identified potential competition concerns with South Pacific Laundry (SPL)’s proposed acquisition of Spotless Laundries, which is part of Spotless Group Holdings Limited. (...)

European Commission The EU Commission opens in-depth investigation into public support for expansion of a chemical company’s electric vehicles battery plant in Poland (LG Chem)

11 August 2020

State aid: Commission opens in-depth investigation into public support for expansion of LG Chem’s electric vehicles battery plant in Poland* The European Commission has opened an in-depth investigation to assess whether €95 million of public support granted by Poland to chemical company LG Chem (...)

US Department of Justice Antitrust Division The US District Court for the Southern District of New York terminates long-standing Paramount consent decrees, thereby allowing after 7 decades the classic movie studios to form closer agreements with movie distributors (Paramount Pictures)

7 August 2020

Federal Court Terminates Paramount Consent Decrees* A federal court in the Southern District of New York today terminated the Paramount Consent Decrees, which for over seventy years have regulated how certain movie studios distribute films to movie theatres. The review and termination of these (...)

Australian Competition Authority The Australian Competition Authority clears merger of potato growing & packing businesses in South Australia (Mitolo / Thomas Foods International)

6 August 2020

Mitolo’s acquisition of Thomas Foods International’s potato business not opposed* he ACCC will not oppose Mitolo’s proposed acquisition of Thomas Foods International’s (TFI) potato business. Mitolo and the TFI potato business grow potatoes and operate packing sheds in South Australia, and overlap (...)

Dave Anderson, Philip Apfel Maps & COVID-19: The global impact of COVID-19 on competition law enforcement

23 July 2020

In March 2020 the World Health Organisation declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic, and governments around the globe imposed lockdowns and other measures to contain the spread of COVID-19. Since then, national governments and competition authorities worldwide have had to balance the impact of the subsequent economic downturn with the need to maintain effective supply chains and the proper functioning of markets and competition. This has resulted in an unprecedented number of rapid responses and initiatives by competition agencies and governments around the world in response to the pandemic in the areas of antitrust and merger control, and in the EU on State aid.

Catherine Gordley The EU Commission clears an oil and gas merger after a phase II investigation (PKN Orlen / Lotos)

14 July 2020

On 14 July 2020, the European Commission (the “Commis‐ sion”) conditionally approved PKN Orlen’s acquisition of rival Grupa Lotos (“Lotos”) after a Phase II investigation. The parties are large Polish oil and gas companies active in Poland and in a number of other Central European, East‐ ern European (...)

German Competition Authority The German Competition Authority opens a sector inquiry into publicly accessible charging infrastructure for electric vehicles

9 July 2020

Sector inquiry on publicly accessible charging infrastructure for electric vehicles* The Bundeskartellamt has initiated a sector inquiry on the provision and marketing of publicly accessible charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. Andreas Mundt, President of the Bundeskartellamt: “In (...)

French Competition Authority The EU Commission refers the acquisition of a French distribution business to the French Competition Authority (Conforama France)

29 June 2020

The European Commission just referred the acquisition of Conforama France by Mobilux (But) to the Autorité de la concurrence* Following the announcement of Conforama’s plan to restructure and transform its business in France in July 2019, Mobilux plans to acquire Conforama. In France, Mobilux (...)

European Commission The EU Commission opens public consultation on the market definition Notice used in EU competition law and whether an update is required

26 June 2020

Competition: Commission consults stakeholders on the Market Definition Notice* The European Commission has published today a public consultation on the Market Definition Notice used in EU competition law. The open questionnaire will contribute to the Commission’s evaluation of the Notice to (...)

Danish Competition Authority The Danish Competition Authority approves an energy and fiber optic group’s acquisition of several companies from another energy group with services covering mostly separate geographic markets, subject to divestment of customers in a highly overlapping market (SEAS-NVE / Ørsted)

24 June 2020

The Danish Competition Council has approved SEAS-NVE A/S’ acquisition of several companies from Ørsted A/S subject to commitments* On 28 May 2020, the Danish Competition and Consumer Authority (hereinafter “DCCA”) received a complete notification of SEAS-NVE A/S’ (hereinafter “SEAS-NVE”) (...)

Katharina Bongs The German Federal Court of Justice preliminarily confirms that an online platform abused its dominant position on the German market of social networks (Facebook)

23 June 2020

On 23 June 2020, the German Federal Court of Justice (“FCJ”), in summary proceedings, preliminarily confirmed the finding of the Federal Cartel Office (“FCO”) that Facebook had abused its dominant position. It overturned the decision of the Higher Regional Court of Düsseldorf that had suspended the (...)

Christina Renner, Izzet Sinan The EU Commission works on legislative proposals that would empower it to tackle competition distortions involving foreign government subsidies operating in or entering into the EU’s Internal Market

17 June 2020

The European Commission (EC) is currently working on legislative proposals (the White Paper) that would grant the EC new enforcement powers to address potential competition distortions caused by companies operating in or entering into the EU’s Internal Market, which benefit from subsidies from (...)

Alec J. Burnside, Adam Kidane, Clemens York von Wartenburg The EU Commission adopts a white paper with proposals for sweeping enforcement powers to address potential distortive effects of foreign subsidies in the EU

17 June 2020

Background On 17 June 2020, the European Commission (Commission) adopted a White Paper which contains far-reaching proposals for new enforcement powers against companies benefitting from subsidies granted by non-EU countries. While there are already well-developed systems of anti-trust/merger (...)

Malta Competition Authority The Maltese Competition Authority clears joint venture in supermarket operations following an in-depth investigation (Retail Marketing / Co-op Trading Company / Polrem / Valyou...)

10 June 2020

Full-function Joint Venture between Retail Marketing Limited and Co-op Trading Company Limited, Polrem Limited, S. Borg & Sons Limited, Tower Supermarkets Complex Limited, Valyou Pendergardens Operations Ltd., Belleview Supermarkets Co. Ltd. and Valyou Supermarket Limited (Phase 2 (...)

Italian Competition Authority The Italian Competition Authority investigates whether a current gas distribution concessionaire abused dominance to delay competitive bidding for the next concession (Italgas Reti)

3 June 2020

ICA: investigation launched into Italgas to verify abusive practices in the tender for the gas distribution service in some municipalities in the province of Venice* The Authority has decided to launch an investigation to verify whether Italgas Reti Spa, the current operator under extension of (...)

French Competition Authority The French Competition Authority launches public consultation on the freedom of establishment of notaries that will account for effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the activity of notaries

2 June 2020

New opinion on the freedom of establishment of notaries: the Autorité launches a consultation* The Autorité de la Concurrence launches a public consultation with a view to preparing a new opinion on the freedom of establishment of notaries and proposing a revision of the map that was published (...)

German Competition Authority The German Competition Authority clears second largest private hospital merger in phase I (Asklepios / Rhön-Klinikum)

26 May 2020

Bundeskartellamt clears merger between Asklepios and Rhön-Klinikum* The Bundeskartellamt has cleared the planned acquisition of up to 100% of the shares in and sole control of Rhön Klinikum AG, Bad Neustadt/Saale, by Asklepios Kliniken GmbH & Co. KGaA, Hamburg, in the first phase of merger (...)

Jérôme Vidal Analysis of intra- and inter-brand competition in mergers within distribution networks: Review of the French Competition Authority’s decision-making practice in the retail sector

May 2020

During the assessment of an acquisition by the head of the network of one of its members in the spring of 2018, in the food retail sector, the Autorité de la concurrence specified the manner in which it conducts the competitive analysis of this type of merger. Thus, even in the absence of a (...)

Christian Bergqvist Pursuing regulatory objectives under competition law

May 2020

While the Commission has stood its ground against political pressure to relax enforcement for the purpose of grooming European champions, that does not mean only economic welfare arguments have been accepted under competition law. Rather, over the years a pattern has emerged whereby, in the (...)

Robert Čuperka, Vojtech Chloupek The Slovakian Council of the Antimonopoly Office imposes fines totalling €6,7 million for a cartel agreement between dealers of motor vehicles (Volkswagen)

15 May 2020

On 15 May 2020 the Council of the Antimonopoly Office of the Slovak Republic ("CAOS") changed the first-instance decision of the Antimonopoly Office of the Slovak Republic ("AOS") dated 3 February 2020 and imposed fines totalling of EUR 6,7 million for a cartel agreements between dealers of (...)

Spanish Competition Authority The Spanish Competition Authority clears merger of travel agencies (Barceló / Globalia)

8 May 2020

The CNMC authorises Barceló to purchase Globalia’s travel agency business* The CNMC has authorised, in the first phase, Barceló to acquire exclusive control of Globalia’s travel agency business. We do not anticipate this operation to have any adverse effects on competition in the markets affected (...)

UK Competition Authority The UK Competition Authority clears merger between 2 hospital trusts, finding that the way they are funded creates little incentive to compete, and releasing them from their 10-year commitment not to merge (Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust / Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust)

27 April 2020

CMA clears NHS hospital trusts merger* The CMA has cleared the proposed merger between The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. In 2013, the Competition and Markets Authority’s (CMA) predecessor, the Competition Commission, (...)

German Competition Authority The German Competition Authority clears acquisition of home improvement stores by a competitor with no conditions because of other existing competitors in all markets considered (Bauhaus / Knauber)

23 April 2020

Bundeskartellamt clears acquisition of Knauber home improvement stores by Bauhaus* In the first phase of its investigations the Bundeskartellamt has cleared the planned acquisition of four home improvement stores belonging to the Bonn-based Knauber Freizeit GmbH & Co. KG by Bauhaus (...)

Martin Favart The EU Commission launches a consultation for the review of the 1997 Notice on the definition of the relevant market

3 April 2020

On 3 April 2020, the Commission launched a six-week consultation on its roadmap for the review of the 1997 Notice on the definition of the relevant market for the purposes of Community competition law (the “Market Definition Notice”). Overall, the review aims at determining whether the Market (...)

European Commission The EU Commission opens an in-depth investigation relating to a merger in the pharmaceutical sector (Tachosil / Johnson & Johnson)

25 March 2020

Mergers: Commission opens in-depth investigation into proposed acquisition of Tachosil by Johnson & Johnson* The European Commission has opened an in-depth investigation to assess the proposed acquisition of Tachosil by Johnson & Johnson, under the EU Merger Regulation. The Commission (...)

Porter Elliott The Hungarian Competition Authority reopens investigation into acquisition of digital network operator and issues a new conditional approval (Invitel / DIGI)

18 March 2020

On 18 March 2020, the Hungarian Competition Authority (“GVH”) conditionally re-approved fixed telecommunications service provider DIGI’s acquisition of its rival Invitel. The GVH had already conditionally cleared the acquisition in May 2018 (see VBB on Competition Law, Volume 2018, No. 5). During (...)

Daniel Arányi, László Zlatarov The Hungarian Competition Authority reopens a previously approved acquisition between two telecommunication players on the basis that the parties submitted false and misleading data during the notification and approval procedure (Invitel / GVH)

18 March 2020

The Hungarian Competition Authority (GVH) finally approved the acquisition of Invitel by DIGI, both significant players on the Hungarian telecoms market. However, with with a complex remedies package as published on 18 March 2020 (Vj/42/2018). As we already reported, the approval of the merger (...)

French Competition Authority The French Competition Authority clears a merger in the insurance market (Macif / Aésio)

13 March 2020

The Autorité de la concurrence clears the merger of the Macif and Aésio insurance groups* On 7 February 2020, the Macif and Aésio groups notified the Autorité de la concurrence of their planned merger. Parties to the transaction The MACIF group is a French insurance group active mainly in the (...)

French Competition Authority The French Competition Authority clears a merger subject to a structural remedy in the bakery market in La Réunion (Pain Frotté /Kin Siong / Lam Tow / Yong Wai Man)

3 March 2020

The Autorité de la concurrence clears, subject to conditions, the takeover, in La Réunion, of the bakery group Pain Frotté by the groups Kin Siong, Lam Tow and Yong Wai Man* The Pain Frotté group operates artisanal bakeries in La Réunion under the trade names “L’Ambassadeur”, “Délicatesses Casta” (...)

German Competition Authority The German Competition Authority clears a merger between cinema chains subject to divestitures (CinemaxX / Cinestar)

2 March 2020

Vue Group (CinemaxX) can acquire Cinestar cinemas subject to conditions* Bonn, 2. March 2020: The Bundeskartellamt has today cleared the merger between the cinema chains CinemaxX and Cinestar subject to the condition that the cinema operators divest cinemas at six different locations to other (...)

German Competition Authority The German Competition Authority clears a merger in the market for manufacturing chocolate and nougat spreads (Krüger Group / Peeters)

2 March 2020

Chocolate and nougat spreads – Merger between Krüger Group and Peeters cleared* Bonn, 2 March 2020: The Bundeskartellamt has cleared the acquisition of the Dutch Peeters group, a manufacturer of chocolate and nougat spreads, by Wilhelm Reuss GmbH, a member of the Krüger Group based in (...)

European Commission The EU Commission fines hotel group for including restrictive clauses in its agreements with tour operators (Meliá)

21 February 2020

Antitrust: Commission fines hotel group Meliá €6.7 million for discriminating between customers* The European Commission has fined Spanish hotel group Meliá €6 678 000 for including restrictive clauses in its agreements with tour operators. These clauses discriminate consumers within the European (...)

Andrzej Kmiecik The EU Commission imposes a €6.7 million fine on a Spanish hotel group for restrictions on cross-border sales of hotel accommodations by including discriminatory clauses in its agreements with tour operators (Meliá)

21 February 2020

On 21 February 2020, the European Commission (the “Commission”) announced its decision to fine Spanish hotel group Meliá € 6,678,000 for including clauses in its agreements with tour operators that discriminated between consumers based on their country of residence. According to the Commission’s (...)

Liu Cheng, Yun Bi, Jeff Liu, Lushen Hong The Chinese State Administration for Market Regulation releases auto antitrust guidelines

20 February 2020

China’s Auto Antitrust Guidelines Released to the Public* On 20 February 2020, in his annual review “Dedicated to Fair Competition and Serving Reform and Development – Overview of Antitrust Work in 2019”, Mr. Wu Zhenguo, the Director of the Anti-monopoly Bureau (“AMB”) of the State Administration (...)

Zhan Hao, Song Ying The Chinese State Administration for Market Regulation publishes guidelines for the automobile sector

20 February 2020

Implications of China’s Antitrust Guidelines for the Automobile Sector on Regulation of Vertical Restraints* The automobile industry has been under the radar of China’s antitrust enforcement for a number of years. Since 2014, the agency had successively issued fines against many players in the (...)

European Commission The EU Commission unconditionally approves proposed acquisition of joint control in the telecommunications market (Prosegur Alarmas / Telefónica / Prosegur)

19 February 2020

Mergers: Commission approves acquisition of joint control over Prosegur Alarmas by Telefónica and Prosegur* The European Commission has approved unconditionally, under the EU Merger Regulation, the proposed acquisition of joint control over Prosegur Alarmas by Telefónica and Prosegur. The (...)

Daniel Gore Market definition in merger control: An overview of EU and national case law

6 February 2020

Market definition has long lain at the heart of competition law and economics, and rumours of its death in recent years remain greatly exaggerated. Market definition remains a central topic of debate at the highest levels of competition policy : EU Commission President von der Leyen has reportedly mooted a reconsideration of how market definition is assessed, while Commissioner Vestager has announced that the first initiative of her second term will be a review of the 1997 Notice on Market Definition. This review is expected to encompass, inter alia, market definition for digital markets and the scope of geographic markets in light of continued globalisation.

Croatian Competition Authority The Croatian Competition Authority clears a merger in the pay television transmission services market (Slovenia Broadband / Tele2)

3 February 2020

Slovenia Broadband and Tele2 merger approved* In the assessment procedure of the concentration between the undertakings Slovenia Broadband and Tele2 the CCA took into account all relevant facts, the results of the legal and economic analysis and the effects of the vertical concentration on (...)

Belgian Competition Authority The Belgian Competition Authority imposes interim measures against a sport’s association because of its anticompetitive rules (Belgian Bumper Pool Association)

24 January 2020

Interim measure imposed on the Belgian Bumper Pool Association concerning the bumper pool balls that may be played with in competitions and matches* At the request of HCSB BVBA (manufacturer of bumper pool balls), the Competition College of the Belgian Competition Authority (BCA) has imposed (...)

Michael Masling, Florian Hinderer The German Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy publishes the draft bill on the 10th amendment to the German Act against restraints of competition

24 January 2020

The German Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy has published the draft bill on the 10th amendment to the German Act against Restraints of Competition, which includes a proposal for the revision of abuse control in Germany. Such revision would be of high relevance for undertakings in the (...)

Ben Van Rompuy The Belgian Competition Authority imposes interim measures on a billiards game association following a complaint raised on its anticompetitive rules (Belgian Bumper Pool Association)

24 January 2020

In a decision of 24 January 2020, the Competition College of the Belgian Competition Authority imposed an interim measure on the Belgian Bumper Pool Association (Belgian Golf Billiards League, BGB) concerning the balls that may be played with in competitions and matches organised by the BGB or (...)

French Competition Authority The French Competition Authority clears a merger in the newspaper market (Groupe Nice Matin / NJJ)

17 January 2020

The Autorité de la concurrence clears the acquisition of Groupe Nice Matin by NJJ, controlled by Xavier Niel* The Autorité de la concurrence examined the acquisition of sole control of the Nice Matin newspaper group (GNM), which publishes the Nice-Matin, Var-Matin and Monaco-Matin newspapers, by (...)

Porter Elliott The Lithuanian Supreme Administrative Court upholds the Competition Authority’s €947,700 gun-jumping fine imposed on one of Lithuania’s largest agricultural processing companies (Kauno Grūdai)

17 January 2020

On 17 January 2020, the Lithuanian Competition Council, Konkurencijos taryba, published a decision of the Lithuanian Supreme Administrative Court upholding a € 947,700 gun-jumping fine imposed on Kauno Grūdai, one of Lithuania’s largest agricultural processing companies. Kauno Grūdai acquired 51% (...)

Mexican Competition Authority The Mexican Competition Authority informs that concentration notifications may only be filed electronically

16 January 2020

As of January, concentration notifications may only be filed through electronic means* As of January 24, notification of concentrations that COFECE must review by law, will only be received through the Electronic Procedure System at the Commission’s website. This measure simplifies the (...)

Pauline Van Sande, Hein Hobbelen The Belgian Competition Authority starts a phase II investigation into the acquisition of two companies active in the sector of production and sales of soft wheat flour (Ceres / Dossche Mills)

15 January 2020

At the beginning of the year, the Belgian Competition Authority ("BCA") started a second phase investigation into the acquisition of Ceres NV by Dossche Mills, two companies active in the sector of production and sales of soft wheat flour for human consumption. The main issue concerned the (...)

European Commission The EU Commission clears a merger subject to remedies in the pharmaceutical sector (AbbVie / Allergan)

10 January 2020

Mergers: Commission approves AbbVie’s acquisition of Allergan, subject to conditions* The European Commission has approved, under the EU Merger Regulation, the proposed acquisition of Allergan by AbbVie. The approval is conditional on the divestment of a product under development by Allergan to (...)

UK Competition Authority The UK Competition Authority cancels its phase II investigation following an abandon merger in the DNA sequencing systems market (Illumina / PacBio)

3 January 2020

Illumina/PacBio abandon merger* Illumina has abandoned its anticipated $1.2 billion takeover of PacBio after an in-depth CMA merger probe highlighted serious competition concerns. The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has therefore today confirmed that it will be cancelling its Phase 2 (...)

European Commission The EU Commission opens an in-depth investigation into a proposed merger in the maritime transport market (DSME / HHIH)

17 December 2019

Mergers: Commission opens in-depth investigation into proposed acquisition of DSME by HHIH* The European Commission has opened an in-depth investigation to assess the proposed acquisition of Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering CO., Ltd (DSME) by another shipbuilding group, Hyundai (...)

Glossary

A

Absolute territorial protection • Abuse of dominant position • Abuse of economic dependence • Access to essential facility • Access to information • Access to the file • Agency agreement • Agent • Agreement (notion) • Amicus curiae • Ancillary restraints • Annulment • Anticompetitive objet or effect • Anticompetitive practices • Applicable law • Arbitration

B

Barriers to entry • Bid rigging • Block exemption (Regulation) • Boycott • Brand competition • Burden of proof • Business secrets • Buyer power

C

Cartel • Clearance phase I (merger) • Clearance phase II (merger) • Collecting society • Collective dominance • Collective redress (class action) • Competence • Competition policy • Competition policy • Complaint • Compliance programme • Compulsory license • Concerted practices • Concession • Concurrent jurisdiction • Consumers protection • Consumers’ associations • Control (change) • Control (notion) • Cooperation Agreement • Cooperation between competition authorities • Coordinated effects • Copyright • Corporate group • Corruption • Cost-based access • Criminal sanctions • Cross subsidisation

D

Damages • Dawn raids • De minimis notice • Direct effect • Discriminatory practices • Distribution agreement • Dominance (notion)

E

ECHR • Economic analysis • Economic efficiency • Effect on trade between Member States • Effective judicial protection • Environmental protection • Essential facility • European Competition Network (ECN) • Excess prices • Exchanges of information • Exclusive distribution • Exclusive purchasing agreement • Exclusive right (Art. 106 TFEU) • Exclusivity clause • Exhaustion • Extra-territoriality

F

Failing firm defence • Fine • Fine mitigating • Foreign direct investment (FDI) • Franchising • FRAND

G

Geographic market • Group purchasing organization • Gun jumping

H

Hard core restrictions • Horizontal agreement

I

Individual exemption • Intellectual property right • Interim measures • International competition network (ICN) • Investigations / inquiries • Investigations/ inquiries

J

Joint control • Joint venture • Judicial review

L

Legal privilege • Leniency • Licensing • Limitation period • Low prices

M

Mandatary (distribution) • Margin squeeze • Market economy investor • Market power • Market share • Media pluralism • Merger (notion) • Merger (prohibition) • Merger (withdrawal) • Minority shareholdings

N

Ne bis in idem • Non-competition clause • Notification • Nullity

O

Oligopoly

P

Parallel imports (parallel trade) • Passing-on • Pay-for-delay • Periodic penalty payment • Personal data • Predatory pricing • Preliminary ruling (Art. 267 TFUE) • Price discrimination • Price-fixing agreement • Prices • Principle of effectiveness • Principle of equal treatment • Principle of equivalence • Principle of proportionality • Private enforcement • Privatization • Procedural autonomy • Professional association • Public procurement • Public undertaking

R

Referral (merger) • Refusal to deal • Regulated prices • Relevant market • Remedies (antitrust) • Request for information • Resale price maintenance (RPM) • Resale-below-cost • Right against self-incrimination • Rights of defence • Rule of reason

S

Sector inquiry • Selective distribution • Services of general economic interest • Single branding • Sole control • Spill-over effects • Standard-Essential Patent (SEP) • State action defense • State aid (compatibility) • State aid (existing aid) • State aid (notification) • State aid (notion) • State aid (recovery) • State aid (tax ruling) • State aid (unlawful aid) • State measure • Sudden break of established business relationships

T

Test SIEC (merger) • Test SLC (merger) • Transfer of technology • Transfer pricing • Trustee (mergers) • Turnover threshold (merger) • Tying or tied selling

U

Undertaking (notion) • Unfair competition • Universal service

V

Vertical agreement • Vertical restraints (or restrictions)