Competition Authority, French

This Glossary matches the list of keywords used by Concurrences search engine. Each keyword is automatically updated by the most recent EU and national case laws from the e-Competitions Bulletin and Concurrences Review. The definitions are excerpt from DG COMP’s Glossary of terms used in EU competition policy (© European Union, 2002) and the OECD’s Glossary of industrial organisation economics and competition law (© OECD, 1993).

Prices

See definition in French.

Related EU and national case law

Alain Ronzano Preliminary ruling on constitutionality: The French Constitutional Council considers two provisions of the law No. 2018-10 of 7 September 2018 establishing a general mechanism for controlling prices and margins in New Caledonia to be unconstitutional (Magenta Discount)

12 April 2019

Le 12 avril 2019, le Conseil constitutionnel a rendu sa décision dans l’affaire n° 2019-774 QPC du 12 avril 2019 (Société Magenta Discount et autre [Contrôle des prix et des marges en Nouvelle-Calédonie]), qui fait suite au renvoi par le Conseil d’État, aux termes d’une décision n° 425813 du 25 janvier (...)

Alain Ronzano Regulated professions: The French Competition Authority invites the Government, after having detected the existence of an undue rent for the benefit of certain regulated legal professions due to the rate increases granted on certain overseas departments and communities, to direct the rate increases towards the additional costs actually incurred (Rates of the regulated professions in the French overseas territories)

11 April 2019

Saisie en février 2018 par le Gouvernement à propos des tarifs des professions réglementées du droit en outre-mer, l’Autorité de la concurrence a rendu public le 11 avril 2019 son avis n° 19-A-09 sur la question. Invitée à dresser un état des lieux des majorations applicables aux tarifs règlementés des (...)

Alain Ronzano Price fixing: The French Competition Authority issues its order on the distribution of medicines and biological analysis laboratories (Urban drug distribution and private medical biology)

4 April 2019

Le 4 avril 2019, l’Autorité de la concurrence a rendu un avis n° 19-A-08 sur la distribution des médicaments et les laboratoires d’analyse biologique. Elle y rend publiques les conclusions finales de son enquête sur le secteur de la santé lancée en novembre 2017. L’avis de 423 pages, y compris les (...)

French Competition Authority The French Competition Authority delivers its opinion on the distribution of medicinal products and biomedical laboratories

4 April 2019

4 April: Distribution of medicinal products and biomedical laboratories: the Autorité delivers its opinion After several months of investigation and a large public consultation, the Autorité de la concurrence releases the findings of its healthcare sector inquiry. The medicinal product (...)

Alain Ronzano Preliminary ruling on constitutionality: The French Constitutional Council holds a public hearing concerning the conformity with the Constitution of the law establishing a general mechanism for controlling prices and margins in New Caledonia (Magenta Discount ; Super Auteuil)

2 April 2019

Le 2 avril 2019, le Conseil constitutionnel a tenu une audience publique dans l’affaire 2018-774 QPC, laquelle fait suite au renvoi par le Conseil d’État, aux termes d’une décision n° 425813 du 25 janvier 2019 d’une question prioritaire de constitutionnalité, transmise à l’origine par le Tribunal (...)

Alain Ronzano Tender offer: The DGCCRF concludes a hybrid transaction and terminates a local anti-competitive practice in the building technology management sector of the Lille urban community (NEU AUTOMATION / STTN Energie)

1 April 2019

Ces derniers mois, la DGCCRF a mis fin à une pratique d’entente illicite entre trois sociétés ayant candidaté à des appels d’offres lancés en 2013 et 2014 par Lille Métropole Communauté Urbaine (LMCU) en matière de gestion technique des bâtiments (GTB). Au cas d’espèce, lors d’un appel d’offres lancé en (...)

Alain Ronzano Reform: The French Competition Authority issues a favourable opinion on the draft bill on the modernisation of press distribution, subject to reservations (Modernisation of press distribution)

18 March 2019

Saisie par le ministre de l’économie à propos du projet de loi portant modernisation de la distribution de la presse, l’Autorité de la concurrence a rendu public le 11 avril 2019 un avis n° 19-A-06 daté du 18 mars 2019, au terme duquel elle émet un avis favorable, assorti toutefois de nombreuses (...)

Richard Burton The Spanish Competition Authority imposes fines totalling € 118 million on railway infrastructure companies (Cobra / Elecnor / Siemens / Semi / Inabensa / Alstom / Cymi / Isolux / Electre / Comsa / Indra / Neopul / Telice / Eym / Citracc)

14 March 2019

On 14 March 2019, the Spanish competition authority (“CNMC”) imposed fines totalling € 118 million on fifteen companies, namely Cobra, Elecnor, Siemens, Semi, Inabensa, Alstom, Cymi, Isolux, Electren, Comsa, Indra, Neopul, Telice, Eym and Citracc, for their involvement in a cartel on the market (...)

Bill Batchelor, Frederic Depoortere, Giorgio Motta, Thorsten Goetz, Ingrid Vandenborre The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority issues its first antitrust decision and fines several companies for sharing strategic information during an initial public offering (Hargreave Hale / Newton / RAMAM)

21 February 2019

The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has issued its first antitrust decision since obtaining competition law powers four years ago. The decision is a controversial one. It sets the FCA up as a strict enforcer on the type of information that competing investors can share when making (...)

Michele Giannino The Italian Competition Authority finds a cartel in the market for car hire purchase and imposes a record fine (Car Finance)

20 December 2018

In the Car Finance case the Italian Competition Authority (ICA) has levied a record-breaking fine of overall € 670 million on the participants to a secret cartel affecting the business sector of car hire purchase. The anticompetitive agreement was put in place by several car manufacturers, BMW, (...)

Anne Wachsmann, Nicolas Zacharie Relevant market: The General Court of the European Union finds that the European Commission made a series of errors in defining a relevant market in the pharmaceutical sector (Servier)

12 December 2018

Par un arrêt rendu le 12 décembre 2018, le Tribunal de l’Union (le “Tribunal”) est venu sanctionner la Commission européenne (la “Commission”) pour avoir commis une série d’erreurs dans l’analyse de la définition du marché pertinent auquel appartient la molécule périndopril, un inhibiteur de l’enzyme de (...)

Anne-Sophie Choné-Grimaldi Resale price maintenance: The French Competition Authority fines household appliance manufacturers for having agreed on resale prices recommended to their distributors, a practice it chooses to qualify as ‘continued and repeated’, because of a period of suspension during its implementation (Household appliances)

5 December 2018

L’Autorité de la concurrence, informée des pratiques litigieuses par la DGCCRF qui lui a fait remonter des indices, a sanctionné deux ententes nouées entre fabricants d’appareils électroménagers. La pratique a engendré des hausses de coûts supportées par les distributeurs et les cuisinistes. L’ampleur du (...)

Jean-Louis Fourgoux Civil fine: The French Constitutional Council decides that the significant imbalance prohibited by Article L. 442-6 of the French Commercial Code is in conformity with the constitution even if it allows the judicial control of the prices and the imposition of a civil fine (Interdis / Minister Economy)

30 November 2018

Voir également ce numéro, rubrique “Pratiques”, C. Grimaldi, Le contrôle du prix dans les contrats de distribution : Contrôle de l’évolution ou du niveau des prix ? Les opposants au déséquilibre significatif instauré dans le Code de commerce en 2008 avaient fondé de grands espoirs sur la QPC transmise (...)

Marion Provost, Mélanie Thill-Tayara Dominance in the pharmaceutical sector: An overview of EU and national case law

29 November 2018

The pharmaceutical sector stands out as being regularly on the radar of competition authorities throughout Europe, with no less than 7 decisions adopted within the last 18 months and multiple on-going investigations, covering a wide range of practices, from excessive pricing to pay for delay, refusal to supply and, more generally, commercial strategies implemented by pharmaceutical companies to delay generic or biosimilar entry.

Loïc Rochas New Caledonia: The Competition Authority of New Caledonia publishes several opinions and recommendations on regulations which allow the government of New Caledonia to implement protectionist economic policies and invites to find a balance between free competition and free trade with a view to making protection measures less unfavourable to competition (Modernization of regulations concerning market protection in New Caledonia; Preliminary draft on market regulation and various economic and tax measures)

9 November 2018

L’Autorité de la concurrence de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (“l’ACNC”) mise en place le 2 mars 2018 a rapidement été amenée à constater des dysfonctionnements concurrentiels sur certains marchés liés à des mesures protectionnistes (“protections de marché”) adoptées par les pouvoirs publics calédoniens au profit (...)

Richard Burton The German Federal Court of Justice annuls judgments on fine calculation (Gas cartel case)

9 October 2018

On 9 October 2018, the German Federal Court of Justice annulled four judgments of the Higher Regional Court of Düsseldorf with regard to the amount of fines imposed in the liquefied gas cartel case. The Federal Court of Justice remitted the case to the lower court as regards the calculation of (...)

Ertuğrul Can Canbolat, Hanna Stakheyeva The Turkish Competition Authority fines an online platform service provider for excessive pricing (Sahibinden)

1 October 2018

The Turkish Competition Authority (“TCA”) fined Sahibinden.com (online platform service provider) approx. EUR 1,525,801 for excessive pricing. The TCA initiated two full-fledged investigations against Sahibinden.com back in 2017. Consequently, the TCA concluded on 1 October 2018 that (...)

Jean-Louis Fourgoux Significant imbalance: The French Supreme Court decides to transmit to the constitutional council a priority question of constitutionality relating to article L 442-6, 2 of the French Commercial Code prohibiting significant imbalance (Ministre de l’Économie / Interdis & Carrefour)

27 September 2018

Dans un litige qui les opposait au ministre de l’Économie, les sociétés Interdis et Carrefour avaient convaincu le tribunal de commerce de Paris de poser deux questions prioritaires de constitutionnalité : l’une sur le déséquilibre significatif (art. L 442-6 2° C com.) l’autre sur les conventions (...)

Alain Ronzano Significant imbalance: The French Supreme Commercial Court refers to the Constitutional Council a question of constitutionality on the judicial control of prices (Système U)

26 September 2018

Ces derniers jours, la Chambre commerciale de la Cour de cassation a rendu deux arrêts dans des affaires de pratiques restrictives de concurrence. Le premier arrêt, rendu le 26 septembre 2018 dans l’affaire Système U, concerne la coopération commerciale. Il vient confirmer en tous points l’arrêt (...)

Jean-Michel Vertut Price advantages: The French Supreme Court delivers a ruling regarding the provision of disproportionate benefits and the remuneration of fictitious services (Système U centrale régionale Est / Les Magasins longoviciens)

21 September 2018

I. Genèse. Au plan procédural, tout a commencé en 2004 par une assignation par le Ministre de l’Économie, sur le fondement de l’article L. 442-6 III et L. 442-6, I, 2 a) dans leur version alors applicable, de la Centrale Système U. Le Ministre soutenait que le service d’« Action de construction et de (...)

Anne Wachsmann, Nicolas Zacharie Excessive pricing: The French Competition Authority fines a company for excessive pricing constitutive of an exploitative and an exclusionary abuse (Practices implemented in the infectious healthcare waste disposal sector in Corsica)

20 September 2018

Par une décision rendue le 20 septembre 2018, l’Autorité de la concurrence (“l’Autorité”) a sanctionné la société Sanicorse, solidairement avec sa société mère, la SAS Groupe Cesarini, pour un abus de position dominante prenant la forme de prix excessifs. Sanicorse est une société active dans le secteur du (...)

Alain Ronzano Agricultural sector: The French National Assembly examines in a new reading the bill for the balance of commercial relations in the agricultural and food sector (Bill for agricultural and food sector )

14 September 2018

Après l’échec de Commission mixte paritaire, la discussion sur le projet de loi pour l’équilibre des relations commerciales dans le secteur agricole et alimentaire et une alimentation saine, durable et accessible à tous a repris son cours, pour une nouvelle lecture, devant l’Assemblée nationale. (...)

Clara García Fernández, Miguel Troncoso Ferrer, Sara Moya Izquierdo The Spanish Competition Authority fines six cargo handling companies and five trade unions for entering into anticompetitive agreements (Port of Vigo)

1 August 2018

Six cargo handling companies and five trade unions have been fined by the Spanish Competition Authority (“CNMC”) for concluding agreements that restricted competition in the Port of Vigo (Spain), increased prices and decreased competitiveness. The fines amount to EUR 3 million for the cargo (...)

French Competition Authority The French Competition Authority makes new recommendations to encourage the establishment of new notary offices

31 July 2018

Freedom of establishment for notaries: proposed map for 2018-2020* The process of gradually opening up the notarial profession is producing encouraging results and must continue. Pursuant to the “Macron Law”, the Autorité is making new recommendations to encourage the gradual establishment of (...)

Alain Ronzano Price fixing: The European Commission fines four electronic manufacturers for pricing practices imposed on their online retailers, highlighting increased use of automated software by retailers for monitoring and prices (Asus / Denon & Marantz / Philips / Pioneer)

24 July 2018

Le 26 septembre 2018, la Commission a rendu publiques quatre décisions distinctes adoptées le 24 juillet 2018 à la faveur desquelles elle sanctionne, pour un montant total de 111 millions d’euros, quatre fabricants d’électronique grand public pour des pratiques de prix de revente en ligne imposés (...)

Etienne Thomas Resale price maintenance: The European Commission fines four consumer electronics manufacturers for imposing fixes or minimum resale prices on their online retailers (Asus ; Donan & Marantz ; Philips ; Pionner)

24 July 2018

Le 2 février 2017, la Commission lançait une enquête d’ampleur dans le secteur du commerce électronique, en raison notamment d’une évolution limitée des ventes en ligne transfrontières dans l’Union européenne (v. communiqué de presse de la Commission européenne du 2 février 2017, IP/207/01). Cette enquête (...)

Francesco Martucci Price fixing: The French Administrative Supreme Court refuses to refer a constitutional preliminary question on the price fixing of tobacco products (Seita)

29 June 2018

Par un arrêt en date du 29 juin 2018 mentionné aux tables du recueil Lebon, le Conseil d’État a décidé de ne pas renvoyer au Conseil constitutionnel une question prioritaire de constitutionnalité concernant les articles 575 et 575 A du Code général des impôts à propos de la fixation du droit de la (...)

Raphaël De Coninck Excessive Prices: An overview of EU and national case law

21 June 2018

One fundamental difference between the European and American approaches to unilateral conduct relates to the treatment of exploitative conduct, including excessive prices. While the mere charging of monopoly prices is not unlawful under US antitrust law, which recognizes high prices as an important element of the free-market system that rewards innovation, exploitative practices by a dominant company are in principle considered abusive under EU law, even if the exploitative conduct is not accompanied by other anticompetitive practices.

Frédéric Marty Exclusionary prices: The French Competition Authority dismisses a claim related to exclusionary prices strategies in the sector of maritime shipping services (Maritime shuttle services to the Yeu island)

31 May 2018

La décision rendue le 31 mai 2018 par l’Autorité de la concurrence a au moins deux caractéristiques marquantes : la première est de présenter pour la première fois depuis de longues années des évaluations en francs et la seconde, qui explique la première, est de mettre un point final à la saga des (...)

Betül Baş Çömlekçi, Gönenç Gürkaynak The Turkish Competition Board prohibits the publishing of price lists by two professional federations of translators and translation offices (TUÇEF / TURÇEF)

3 May 2018

This case summary includes an analysis of the Turkish Competition Board’s (“Board”) TUÇEF and TURÇEF decision (03.05.2018; 18-13/230-105). The Board reviewed the allegations put forward by Berkay Gökçe, a real person, against TURÇEF Yeminli Çevirmenlik Federasyonu (“TURÇEF”) and TUÇEF Uluslararası (...)

Phedon Nicolaides The EU Commission approves the compensation provided by the UK to the incumbent postal operator for the extra costs of the public services it provides for the 2018 - 2021 period (Post Office Limited)

20 February 2018

Article published on StateAidHub: http://stateaidhub.eu, republished in e-Competitions with the courtesy of the author. The original title of this article appears below the e-Competitions title. Authors are welcome to write an alternative article on this case/text, provided they have no (...)

Michael I. Binetti The Canadian Competition Bureau sues ticket vendors for misleading prices (Ticketmaster / Live Nation)

25 January 2018

Ticketmaster Prices Are Misleading: Competition Bureau (If You Can Get Tickets)* Following a warning in 2017 to ticket vendors that they should ensure advertised prices were accurate, Canada’s Competition Bureau sued Ticketmaster and its parent, LiveNation. The Bureau alleges that Ticketmaster (...)

Alain Ronzano Price differentiation: The Advocate General Nils Wahl considers that a practice of price differentiation constitutes an abuse of dominant position only if it produces a competitive disadvantage and invites the European Court of Justice to rule that the existence of a competitive disadvantage must be concretely established (MEO/Autoridade da Concorrência)

20 December 2017

Le 20 décembre 2017, l’avocat général Nils Wahl a présenté ses conclusions dans l’affaire C-525/16 (MEO – Serviços de Comunicações e Multimédia SA contre Autoridade da Concorrência). La présente affaire fait suite à une demande de décision préjudicielle formée par le Tribunal de la concurrence, de la (...)

Francesco Martucci Prices : The Court of Justice of the European Union clarifies obligations regarding prices control imposed by national regulatory authorities on the operator designated as having a significant market power (Polkomtel)

20 December 2017

Par un arrêt en date du 20 décembre 2017, la Cour de justice a précisé l’étendue des pouvoirs exercés en matière de prix par l’autorité réglementaire nationale à l’encontre de l’opérateur désigné comme disposant d’une puissance significative en vertu de la directive “Accès” (directive 2002/19/CE du Parlement (...)

Croatian Competition Authority The Croatian Competition Authority issues an opinion forcing a professional association to align its pricelists with competition rules (Croatian association of forestry engineers)

15 December 2017

Croatian association of forestry engineers must align its pricelists with competition rules* Based on the writing received from the Croatian Chamber of Forestry and Wood Technology Engineers the Croatian Competition Agency (CCA) issued its opinion on the proposed Ordinance on pricelists for (...)

Emmanuel Guillaume, Roman Roussel Airport charges and taxes: The French Supreme Administrative Court dismisses actions on the merits lodged by airlines companies regarding the decision dated of September 1st, 2016, in which the French Independent Supervisory Authority approved Aéroports de Paris’ proposal on airport charges for the 2016 tariff period (Twin Jet)

4 December 2017

La directive 2009/12/CE du 11 mars 2009 sur les redevances aéroportuaires établit des règles communes relatives à la fixation des redevances dont s’acquittent les usagers d’aéroports en contrepartie de l’usage des infrastructures aéroportuaires afférentes à l’exploitation des aéronefs et à la prise en (...)

Francesco Martucci Consultation: The French Supreme Administrative Court offers a new implementation of rules imposing the regulatory power to consult the French Competition Authority (Synerpa)

17 November 2017

Dans un arrêt du 17 novembre 2017, le Conseil d’État a une nouvelle fois rejeté le moyen soulevé par les requérants visant à contester la légalité d’un acte réglementaire au motif que celui-ci n’avait pas été soumis à la consultation de l’Autorité de la concurrence. On rappelle qu’en vertu de l’article L. (...)

Jean-Louis Fourgoux Burden of proof: The French Supreme Court decides that the person claiming to be the victim of a significant imbalance due to the refusal to revalue the tariff by the distributor customer must prove this by providing information on the composition of its costs (Jonction 3B / Alinéa)

25 October 2017

Cet arrêt souligne la complexité de la vie des affaires et la délicate frontière entre négociation tarifaire et pratiques restrictives de concurrence. La société Jonction 3B était le fournisseur d’articles textiles de la société Alinéa France (la société Alinéa), depuis 29 juillet 1999. En mai 2011, (...)

Michele Giannino The EU Court of Justice accepts an alternative to the United Brands test to establish excessive pricing (AKKA / LAA)

14 September 2017

On replying to the preliminary questions referred by the Supreme Court of Latvia (SCL), in AKKA v LAA the CJEU has accepted a methodology other than the two-limb United Brands test to establish an excessive pricing practice. The CJEU also clarifies the criteria to set the amount of the fine (...)

German Competition Authority The German Competition Authority issues its report on its inquiry into the cement and ready-mix concrete sector

24 July 2017

Bundeskartellamt publishes report on its inquiry into the cement and ready-mix concrete sector* Today the Bundeskartellamt has published the final report on its inquiry into the cement and ready-mix concrete sector. Andreas Mundt, President of the Bundeskartellamt: "The cement and ready-mix (...)

Frédéric Marty Anticompetitive leverage: EU Commission sanctions the dominant operator of the online search market on the basis of an anticompetitive leverage strategy oriented toward the online price compactors market (Google Shopping)

27 June 2017

La décision de la Commission dans l’affaire Google Shopping, rendue le 27 juin 2017, a été publiée six mois après la diffusion du communiqué de presse. Cette décision était particulièrement attendue du fait du montant de l’amende prononcée (2,42 milliards d’euros – pt. 754). Il l’était également sur le (...)

Christian Ritz, Christoph Wunschmann, Falk Schöning The German Parliament adopts a new amendment to the Act Against Restraints of Competition in order to adapt its competition law to the digital economy

9 June 2017

On 9 June 2017, the 9th amendment of the German Act Against Restraints of Competition (ARC) entered into effect introducing important amendments for companies to German competition law. The reform deals with two main issues: the implementation of the European Cartel Damages Actions Directive (...)

Richard Burton Advocate General Wahl considers that agricultural producers’ organisations may be held liable under EU competition law (APVE)

6 April 2017

On 6 April 2017, Advocate General (“AG”) Wahl issued an opinion on a preliminary reference from the French Supreme Court arising from the Endive cartel investigated by the French Competition Authority. In his opinion, the AG con- siders that agricultural producers’ organisations and their (...)

Michel Debroux Report: The European Commission publishes a report on the monitoring exercise carried out with ten European competition authorities in the online hotel booking sector in 2016 (“Report on the monitoring exercise carried out in the online hotel booking sector by EU competition authorities in 2016”)

6 April 2017

Les exercices d’évaluation ex post en matière de politique de concurrence restent relativement rares et sont pour l’essentiel confinés aux mesures adoptées dans le cadre du contrôle des concentrations. On se souvient, par exemple, du rapport “Lear”, commandité par la Commission en 2006 afin d’évaluer (...)

Alain Ronzano Request for a preliminary ruling: Advocate general Nils Wahl invites the Court of Justice of the European Union to set out the method and criteria to be used to determine the benchmark in cases of unfair pricing (AKKA/LAA)

6 April 2017

Le 6 avril 2017, l’avocat général Nils Wahl a rendu ses conclusions dans une autre affaire de concurrence, l’affaire C-177/16 (Biedrība « Autortiesību un komunicēšanās konsultāciju aģentūra – Latvijas Autoru apvienība » contre Konkurences padome). Cette affaire fait suite à une demande de décision (...)

Porter Elliott The Norwegian Competition Authority blocks a merger on the basis that the deal would reduce competition in the market for transportation of frozen fish (Eimskip / Nor Lines)

3 April 2017

On 3 April 2017, the Norwegian Competition Authority (“NCA”) prohibited the proposed acquisition of Norwegian-based Nor Lines by Icelandic-based Eimskip on the basis that the € 15 million deal would reduce competition in the market for transportation of frozen fish with reefer vessels from (...)

Jean-François Bellis, Valerie Lefever Commitments: The European Commission, following an in-depth review, clears a merger between two American groups active in crop protection and seeds, subject to structural commitments aiming at maintaining price competition and innovation for pesticides (Dow / DuPont)

27 March 2017

Le 27 mars 2017, au terme d’un examen approfondi de phase II, la Commission européenne a autorisé les groupes américains Dow et DuPont à fusionner, moyennant le respect des engagements pris par les parties. Dow est la société mère du groupe américain éponyme. Elle est active dans les secteurs du (...)

Tim Kasten The EU Commission launches market test on an energy company’s commitments relating to the Central and Eastern European gas markets (Gazprom)

13 March 2017

On 13 March 2017, the European Commission launched a market test on commitments submitted by Gazprom aimed at addressing concerns over its alleged abuse of dominance on Central and Eastern European gas supply markets. In April 2015, the European Commission announced that it had sent a (...)

Pedro Callol The Madrid Commercial Court dismisses a lawsuit for unfair competition stating that a platform that focuses exclusively on private transport is not subject to transportation regulations (CONFEBUS / Blablacar)

2 February 2017

A First Instance Commercial Court dismisses the lawsuit filed against Blablacar for unfair competition stating that Blablacar is a platform that focuses exclusively on private transport and is therefore not subject to transportation regulations (Judgement of the Commercial Court of 2 February (...)

Christophe Lemaire, Simon Naudin Settlement: The French Competition Authority published its fifth decision of settlement for practices implemented in fine dining sector (Atelier du vin)

26 January 2017

Le 26 janvier 2017, l’Autorité de la concurrence a condamné la société Sanbri SAS à une sanction pécuniaire d’un montant de 3 200 euros pour s’être entendue avec certains de ses distributeurs Internet s’agissant du prix de revente de produits relatifs à la dégustation de vin fabriqués par Sanbri et (...)

Glossary

A

Absolute territorial protection • Abuse of a dominant position • Abuse of economic dependence • Access to essential facility • Access to information • Access to the file • Act of State • Agency agreement • Agreement • Amicus curiae • Ancillary restraints • Annulment • Anticompetitive objet or effect • Anticompetitive practices • Arbitration • Association of undertakings

B

Barriers to entry • Below-cost resale price • Bid rigging • Block exemption (regulation) • Boycott • Brand competition • Burden of proof • Business secrets • Buyer power

C

Cartel • Case referral system (mergers) • Change of control • Clearance phase I (merger) • Clearance phase II (merger) • Collecting society • Collective dominance • Collective redress (class action) • Commissioner • Competence • Competition policy • Complaint • Compulsory license • Concerted practice • Concession • Concurrent jurisdiction • Consumers protection • Consumers’ associations • Cooperation between NCAs • Coordinated effects • Copyright • Criminal sanctions • Cross subsidisation

D

Damages • Damages actions • De minimis notice • Defence rights • Direct effect • Discriminatory practices • Distribution agreement • Dominance (notion) • Dominant position

E

ECHR • Economic analysis • Economic efficiency • Effect on competition • Effect on trade between Member States • Effective judicial protection • Environmental protection • Essential facility • European Competition Network • Excess prices • Exchange of information • Exclusive distribution • Exclusive purchasing agreement • Exclusive right • Exclusive right (Art. 106 TFEU) • Exclusivity clause • Exhaustion • Extra-territoriality

F

Failing firm defence • Fine • Fine mitigating • Foreign direct investment (FDI) • Franchising • FRAND • French competition law

G

Geographic market • Group purchasing organization • Gun jumping

H

Hard core restrictions • Horizontal agreement

I

Independence and impartiality • Individual exemption • Intellectual property right (IPR) • Interim measures • International competition network (ICN) • Investigations • Investigations/ inquiries

J

Joint control • Joint venture • Judicial review

L

Legal privilege • Leniency (programme) • Licensing • Licensing agreement • Limitation period • Low prices

M

Margin squeeze • Market • Market economy investor • Market power • Market share • Media pluralism • Merger • Merger (prohibition) • Merger (SLC/ SRC/ SDC tests) • Merger (withdrawal) • Minority shareholdings • Misinformation

N

Ne bis in idem • Non-competition clause • Notification • Notion of control • Nullity

O

Oligopoly

P

Parallel imports (parallel trade) • Pay-for-delay • Periodic penalty payment • Politique de concurrence • Predatory pricing • Preliminary ruling (Art. 267 TFUE) • Price discrimination • Price fixing • Price regulation • Price squeeze • Price-fixing agreement • Prices • Principle of equal treatment • Principle of proportionnality • Privacy • Private enforcement • Privatization • Procedural autonomy • Professional association • Prohibition (mergers) • Public procurement • Public undertaking

R

Refusal to deal/sell • Regulated prices • Relevant market • Remedies (antitrust) • Request for information • Resale price maintenance (RPM) • Right against self-incrimination • Risk of bankruptcy • Rule of reason

S

Sector inquiry • Selective distribution • Services of general economic interest • SIEC test (mergers) • Single branding • Sole control • Spill-over effects • Standard-Essential Patent (SEP) • State action defense • State aid (compatibility) • State aid (definition) • State aid (existing aid) • State aid (notification) • State aid (recovery) • State aid (tax exemption) • State aid (tax ruling) • State aid (unlawful aid) • State intervention • State measure • Sudden break of established business relationships

T

Transfer of technology • Transfer pricing • Trustee • Turnover threshold • Tying or tied selling

U

Undertaking • Unfair competition • Universal service

V

Vertical agreement • Vertical restraints (or restrictions)