Commission, European

Request for information

Institution Definition

Pursuant to Article 18 of Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 and Article 11 of Regulation (EC) 139/2004, in order to carry out the duties assigned to it by these Regulations, the Commission may, by simple request or by decision, require undertakings and associations of undertakings to provide all necessary information. When sending a simple request for information to an undertaking or association of undertakings, the Commission shall state the legal basis and the purpose of the request, specify what information is required and fix the time-limit within which the information is to be provided, and the penalties for supplying incorrect or misleading information. The owners of the undertakings or their representatives and, in the case of legal persons, companies or firms, or associations having no legal personality, the persons authorised to represent them by law or by their constitution shall supply the information requested on behalf of the undertaking or the association of undertakings concerned. Lawyers duly authorised to act may supply the information on behalf of their clients. The latter shall remain fully responsible if the information supplied is incomplete, incorrect or misleading. The Commission shall without delay forward a copy of the simple request or of the decision to the competition authority of the Member State in whose territory the seat of the undertaking or association of undertakings is situated and the competition authority of the Member State whose territory is affected. At the request of the Commission the governments and competition authorities of the Member States shall provide the Commission with all necessary information to carry out the duties assigned to it by this Regulation. © European Commission

Articles

Wolfgang Kopf, Romina Polley Wolfgang Kopf (Deutsche Telekom): A new focus for regulation in Europe and the US

February 2023

Interview conducted by Romina Polley, Partner, Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton, Cologne ********** Wolfgang, you have spent your whole career in competition law and telecom regulation. What are, in your experience, the main differences between competition and regulatory proceedings and (...)

Elizabeth O’Neill, Emma Sanders UK Competition Procedure: The Modernised Regime

September 2007

This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (...)

Jérémie Marthan, Jean-Baptiste Roche As-yet unexplored issues of the protection of lawyer-client privilege in French and European merger control

September 2022

The question of the protection of lawyer-client privilege has never been more pressing in the merger control context than it is today, given the growing trend of competition authorities issuing substantial requests for information similar in scope to inspections. Yet, while the question of the (...)

Wouter Wils Procedural rights and obligations of third parties in antitrust investigations and proceedings by the European Commission

May 2022

This paper provides a systematic overview of the procedural rights and obligations of third parties in investigations and proceedings conducted by the European Commission for the enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU. Third parties are all natural or legal persons, undertakings, and (...)

Wouter Wils Fundamental Procedural Rights and Effective Enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU in the European Competition Network

February 2020

This paper deals with the fundamental procedural rights of companies that are targeted in the enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU by the European Commission or the competition authorities of the EU Member States. The paper first provides a (non-exhaustive) list of such rights as applicable (...)

Athanase Popov Transparency in EU Procurements: Disclosure Within Public Procurement and During Contract Execution, Kirsi-Maria HALONEN, Roberto CARANTA and Albert SANCHEZ-GRAELLS

February 2020

This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (...)

Stéphane Rodrigues Transparency in EU Procurements: Disclosure Within Public Procurements and During Contract Execution, Kirsi-Maria HALONEN, Roberto CARANTA and Albert SANCHEZ-GRAELLS (dir.)

September 2019

This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (...)

Nathalie Jalabert-Doury Update on competition investigations in European Union and France (January – September 2016)

February 2017

This article provides an update on the rules applying to antitrust investigations carried out by DG COMP and the French competition authorities. The new rules, case law and agencies’ initiatives in that field over the past nine months are covered. At the EU level, the article provides comments (...)

Allen P. Grunes, Lauren Leblond, Laurence Idot, Maurice Stucke, Nicolas Petit, Thomas Cheng Kin-Hon Search engines (Competition law enforcement in the digital sector - Nanterre, 17 November 2016)

May 2017

Case 1 was dedicated to the practices of search engines in the scope of Chinese, American and European laws. An economist has also shared his point of view on the matter. 1. Rant is a particularly efficient search engine, present in all countries of the world. In the search engine advertising (...)

Anne-Sophie Choné-Grimaldi Competition law enforcement in the digital sector: Introductory remarks

May 2017

For several years, the European institutions and competition authorities have been focusing their attention on the digital sector (see The Digital Agenda for Europe, launched in May 2010). The international colloquium held at the University of Paris Nanterre, on 17 November 2016, with the (...)

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w

a

Absolute territorial protection • Abuse of dominant position • Abuse of economic dependence • Access to essential facility • Access to information • Access to the file • Actual competitor • Administered prices • Advocacy • Agency agreement • Agent • Agreement (notion) • Amicus curiae • Ancillary restraints • Annulment • Anticompetitive object or effect • Anticompetitive practices • Antitrust • Applicable law • Arbitration • Article 11 letter • Automotive distribution

b

Barriers to entry • Bertrand (Nash) equilibrium • Bid rigging • Black cause • Block exemption (Regulation) • Boycott • Brand competition • Bundling • Burden of proof • Business secrets • Buyer power

c

Cartel • Clearance phase I (merger) • Clearance phase II (merger) • Collecting society • Collective dominance • Collective redress (class action) • Collusion • Comity • Commission Notice • Competence • Competition policy • Complaint • Compliance programme • Compulsory license • Concentration indexes • Concerted practices • Concession • Concurrent jurisdiction • Consortium • Consumers protection • Consumers’ associations • Control (change) • Control (notion) • Cooperation Agreement • Cooperation between competition authorities • Coordinated effects • Copyright • Corporate group • Corruption • Cost-based access • Cournot (Nash) equilibrium • Criminal sanctions • Cross subsidisation

d

Damages • Dawn raids • De minimis notice • Digital Markets Act • Direct effect • Discriminatory practices • Distribution agreement • Divestiture • Dominance (notion)

f

Failing firm defence • Fidelity rebates • Fine • Fine mitigating • Foreign direct investment (FDI) • Foreign Subsidies • Form CO • Franchising • FRAND • Free riding

g

GAFAM • Geographic market • Group purchasing organization • Guidelines • Gun jumping

h

Hard core restrictions • Hearing officer • Horizontal agreement • HSR Filing (US)

i

Imputability • Independence and impartiality • Individual exemption • Industrial policy • Intellectual property right • Inter-brand competition • Interim measures • International co-operation • International competition network (ICN) • Investigations / inquiries

j

Joint control • Joint venture • Judicial review

k

Know-how

l

Legal privilege • Leniency • Lerner index • Letter of formal notice • Letter of rejection of complaints • Licensing • Limitation period • Low prices

m

Mandatary (distribution) • Margin squeeze • Marginal costs • Market economy investor • Market of goods or services • Market power • Market share • Media pluralism • Merger (notion) • Merger (prohibition) • Merger (withdrawal) • Merger control procedure • Merger remedies • Minority shareholdings • Misinformation • Monopoly

n

Ne bis in idem • Network effect • Non-compete obligation • Notification • Nullity

o

Oligopoly

p

r

R&D agreement • Referral (merger) • Refusal to deal • Regulated prices • Regulation • Relevant market • Remedies (antitrust) • Request for information • Resale below cost • Resale price maintenance (RPM) • Restriction on exportation • Right against self-incrimination • Rights of defence • Rule of reason

t

Technology transfer • Test SIEC (merger) • Test SLC (merger) • Transfer pricing • Transparency • Trustee (mergers) • Turnover threshold (merger) • Two-sided market • Tying or tied selling

u

Undertaking (notion) • Unfair commercial practices • Unfair competition • Universal service • Upstream market

v

Variable costs • Vertical agreement • Vertical restraints (or restrictions)

w

White clause