Corporate group

(...) distinction between company groups and economic groups by suggesting that company groups refer to a more formal (legal) set of relationships generally involving a holding or controlling company and its subsidiaries; whereas an economic group can involve firms that may be unrelated in purpose and may not be formally linked, but nevertheless are related through common control. (...) regulators has made clear that definitions and terms used for groups differ substantially across jurisdictions. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) manage to avoid this definitional problem by applying its requirements for the filing of consolidated accounts to a group of firms controlled by another entity or individuals related to each other. In this context, “control is presumed when the parent acquires more than half of the voting rights of the entity. Even when more than one half of the voting rights is not acquired, control may be evidenced by power: over more than one half of the voting rights by virtue of an agreement with other investors; or to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity under a statute or an agreement; or to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors; or to cast the majority of votes at a meeting of the board of directors.” © OECD