The principle of effectiveness, or effective judicial protection, obliges Member State courts to ensure that national remedies and procedural rules do not render claims based on EU law impossible in practice or excessively difficult to enforce. The restriction of third party access to the Cartel Court file also raises the problem of effective judicial protection of claims based on EU law. Article 19(1) TEU states that ‘Member States shall provide remedies sufficient to ensure effective legal protection in the fields covered by Union law’. This in turn requires consideration of the right of access to a court, as protected by Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, as interpreted in the light of Article 6(1) of the European Convention of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. © EUR Lex
Principle of effectiveness
a
Absolute territorial protection
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Abuse of dominant position
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Abuse of economic dependence
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Access to essential facility
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Access to information
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Access to the file
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Actual competitor
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Administered prices
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Advocacy
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Agency agreement
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Agent
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Agreement (notion)
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Amicus curiae
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Ancillary restraints
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Annulment
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Anticompetitive object or effect
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Anticompetitive practices
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Antitrust
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Applicable law
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Arbitration
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Article 11 letter
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Automotive distribution
b
c
Cartel
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Clearance phase I (merger)
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Clearance phase II (merger)
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Collecting society
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Collective dominance
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Collective redress (class action)
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Collusion
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Comity
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Commission Notice
•
Competence
•
Competition policy
•
Complaint
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Compliance programme
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Compulsory license
•
Concentration indexes
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Concerted practices
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Concession
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Concurrent jurisdiction
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Consortium
•
Consumers protection
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Consumers’ associations
•
Control (change)
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Control (notion)
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Cooperation Agreement
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Cooperation between competition authorities
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Coordinated effects
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Copyright
•
Corporate group
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Corruption
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Cost-based access
•
Cournot (Nash) equilibrium
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Criminal sanctions
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Cross subsidisation
d
e
ECHR
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Economic analysis
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Economic efficiency
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Economies of scale
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Economies of scope
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Effect on trade between Member States
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Effective judicial protection
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EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) & Court
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Environmental protection
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Error costs
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Essential facility
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European Competition Network (ECN)
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Ex Ante / Ex Post Control
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Excessive prices
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Exchanges of information
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Exclusionary practice
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Exclusive distribution
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Exclusive purchasing
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Exclusive right (Art. 106 TFEU)
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Exclusivity clause
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Exhaustion
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Extra-territoriality
f
i
k
l
m
Mandatary (distribution)
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Margin squeeze
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Marginal costs
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Market economy investor
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Market of goods or services
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Market power
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Market share
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Media pluralism
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Merger (notion)
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Merger (prohibition)
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Merger (withdrawal)
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Merger control procedure
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Merger remedies
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Minority shareholdings
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Misinformation
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Monopoly
p
Parallel imports (parallel trade)
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Passing-on
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Passive sales
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Patents
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Pay-for-delay
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Periodic penalty payment
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Personal data
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Potential competition
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Predatory pricing
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Preliminary ruling (Art. 267 TFUE)
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Price discrimination
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Price leadership
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Price signalling
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Price-fixing agreement
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Prices
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Principle of effectiveness
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Principle of equal treatment
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Principle of equivalence
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Principle of proportionality
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Private enforcement
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Privatization
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Procedural autonomy
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Professional association
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Public procurement
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Public undertaking
r
R&D agreement
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Referral (merger)
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Refusal to deal
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Regulated prices
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Regulation
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Relevant market
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Remedies (antitrust)
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Request for information
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Resale below cost
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Resale price maintenance (RPM)
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Restriction on exportation
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Right against self-incrimination
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Rights of defence
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Rule of reason
s
Sector inquiry
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Selective distribution
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Self-Preference
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Services of general economic interest
•
Single branding
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Sole control
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Spill-over effects
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Standard-Essential Patent (SEP)
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State action defense
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State aid (compatibility)
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State aid (existing aid)
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State aid (notification)
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State aid (notion)
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State aid (recovery)
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State aid (tax ruling)
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State aid (unlawful aid)
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State measure
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Statement of objections (SO)
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Substitutability
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Sudden break of established business relationships