Group purchasing organization

Institution Definition

Group purchasing organizations (GPOs) are companies that negotiate prices for drugs, devices, and other medical products and services on behalf of healthcare providers, including hospitals, ambulatory care facilities, physician practices, nursing homes, and home health agencies. Often, GPOs are owned by their member providers. They do not take title to or possession of medical products. Rather, the central purpose of GPOs is to enhance the quality of the services delivered and lower their members’ operating costs by reducing transaction costs and negotiating lower prices for supplies than providers might otherwise obtain on their own. As part of improving efficiency in the supply chain, GPOs also provide a range of additional services to healthcare providers that may lower costs or improve operations. © Federal Trade Commission

Articles

Marie-Laure Allain, Ombline Ancelin Central purchasing agencies and competition issues (Nasse Seminar - Jan 29th, 2021)

May 2021

During the seminar organized on January 29, 2021, Marie-Laure Allain - Director of Research at the CNRS, Professor at the Ecole Polytechnique and member of CREST and Ombline Ancelin - Partner in charge of the Competition practice at Simmons & Simmons, discussed the articulation between (...)

Daniel Fasquelle, Romain De Nijs Buyer power and supplier platforms merger: What role for competition authorities? (Paris, 21 Febr. 2019)

February 2019

These articles were collected following the Seminar ’Buyer power and supplier platforms merger: What role for competition authorities?’ organized by Concurrences on 21 February 2019 in Paris. The first contribution focuses on the legislative and jurisprudential difficulties in containing the rise (...)

Laurence Idot Urgency in antitrust cases: Always too late? (New Frontiers of Antitrust - Paris, 11 June 2018)

September 2018

After an alignment of French rules to European rules, the two sets of rules have evolved differently from one another. The topic is once again at the forefront, following the first Google case, but even more following the ECN+ submission, which stipulates that all NCA must be provided with this (...)

Stéphane Rodrigues Droit de la distribution, Frédéric BUY, Marie LAMOUREUX et Jean-Christophe RODA

May 2018

This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (...)

Anne Perrot, Gildas de Muizon, Joseph Vogel Competition and distribution: Does competition law allow to apprehend the supermarkets behaviors?

May 2012

This set of three papers is derived from the training session organized by the Concurrences Review that was held on 29th March 2012 in Paris. For Gildas de Muizon, Economist and author of the second contribution, the market power of supermarkets must be assessed locally. For this it is (...)

Jean-Bernard Blaise, Joseph Vogel, Louis Vogel Recent case law in competition law and distribution law (Paris, December 14th, 2011)

February 2012

This set of three contributions are derived from the conference on "competition law and distribution" organized in Paris the December 14, 2011 by Concurrences Review and Vogel & Vogel. For Louis Vogel, author of the first contribution, the Court of Justice states in the Pierre Fabre case (...)

Catherine Vautrin, Claire Chambolle, Clémence Christin, Etienne Pfister, Marie-Laure Allain, Michaël Cousin, Serge Papin, Thierry Dahan New aspects of grocery retail sector regulation

December 2011

Both aspects of the grocery retail sector regulation, i.e. the rules on unfair behaviours and those governing the market structures have evolved in different ways since 2005. Further to the Competition Authority’s opinion of 17 December 2010 discussions moved toward the relevance of more (...)

Dominique de Gramont, Jacqueline Riffault-Silk, Jean-Daniel Bretzner, Laurence Idot, Louis Martin, Marie-Hélène Huertas, Martine Behar-Touchais, Michel Ponsard, Muriel Chagny, Valérie Pironon, Yann Utzschneider Contractual practices and competition (Paris, October 25th 2010)

February 2011

This article reproduces the opening papers delivered at the AFEC conference on contractual practices and competition law in Paris on October 25, 2010. According to the Professor Chagny, the examination of the links between contractual practices and competition law lato sensu reveals (...)

Léna Sersiron, Régis Fabre One year after the LME Act: Key issues on the go

December 2009

One year after the Modernisation of Economy Law (the so-called LME) entered into force, some aspects of the law still have to be perfected. At the beginning of the second round of commercial negotiations under the scope of the LME, this article aims at highlighting the main principles of the (...)

Georges Decocq, Guillaume Caroff, Sylvain Justier Colloque: A new deal for commercial negotiations: One year after the LME Act (Paris, 24 September 2009)

December 2009

One year after the adoption of the Modernization of the Economy Act and the first round of commercial negotiations under this Act, the Youth Comity of the AFEC (French Association for the Study of Competition) and the Comity for Company Projects and developments of the AFJE (French In-House (...)

Nathalie Pétrignet Invoicing rules under the French Modernisation of Economy Law

September 2009

Law no. 2008-776 dated August 4, 2008 on the modernization of the economy (“LME”) amended article L. 441-7 of the Commercial Code, inter alia by eliminating the notion of “distinct services” that had been introduced by the Dutreil law dated August 2, 2005. Certain consequences ensue from this (...)

Etienne Pfister Buying power and competition policy

February 2009

La puissance d’achat a fait l’objet ces dernières années de nombreux rapports et forums en droit de la concurrence. Dans le cas français, elle est sans doute appelée à jouer un rôle accru dans le jeu concurrentiel en vertu des réformes récentes de la réglementation de la distribution de détail. Cet (...)

Léna Sersiron, Mireille Dany The Economic Modernisation Act: An other step in the endless regulation of trade negociations in France

September 2008

The Law on the Modernization of the Economy (“LME”) was passed on July 23rd, 2008. It provides for numerous provisions. Some of them amend French legislation applicable to trade negotiations between suppliers and distributors. LME was presented as the last step of the reform of legislation in (...)

a b c d e f g h i j l m n o p r s t u v

a

Absolute territorial protection • Abuse of dominant position • Abuse of economic dependence • Access to essential facility • Access to information • Access to the file • Advocacy • Agency agreement • Agent • Agreement (notion) • Amicus curiae • Ancillary restraints • Annulment • Anticompetitive object or effect • Anticompetitive practices • Antitrust • Applicable law • Arbitration • Article 11 letter • Automotive distribution

b

Barriers to entry • Bertrand (Nash) equilibrium • Bid rigging • Billing • Black cause • Block exemption (Regulation) • Boycott • Brand competition • Burden of proof • Business secrets • Buyer power

c

Cartel • Civil fine • Clearance phase I (merger) • Clearance phase II (merger) • Collecting society • Collective dominance • Collective redress (class action) • Comity • Competence • Competition policy • Complaint • Compliance programme • Compulsory license • Concerted practices • Concession • Concurrent jurisdiction • Consumers protection • Consumers’ associations • Contract • Control (change) • Control (notion) • Cooperation Agreement • Cooperation between competition authorities • Coordinated effects • Copyright • Corporate group • Corruption • Cost-based access • Criminal sanctions • Cross subsidisation

d

Damages • Dawn raids • De minimis notice • Direct effect • Discriminatory practices • Distribution agreement • Dominance (notion)

e

ECHR • Economic analysis • Economic efficiency • Economies of scale • Effect on trade between Member States • Effective judicial protection • EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) & Court • Environmental protection • Essential facility • European Competition Network (ECN) • Excessive prices • Exchanges of information • Exclusive distribution • Exclusive purchasing • Exclusive right (Art. 106 TFEU) • Exclusivity clause • Exhaustion • Extra-territoriality

f

Failing firm defence • Fidelity rebates • Fine • Fine mitigating • Foreign direct investment (FDI) • Form CO • Franchising • FRAND • Free riding

g

GAFAM • Geographic market • Group purchasing organization • Guidelines • Gun jumping

h

Hard core restrictions • Hearing officer • Horizontal agreement

i

Imputability • Independence and impartiality • Individual exemption • Intellectual property right • Inter-brand competition • Interim measures • International co-operation • International competition network (ICN) • Investigations / inquiries

j

Joint control • Joint venture • Judicial review

l

Legal privilege • Leniency • Lerner index • Letter of rejection of complaints • Licensing • Limitation period • Low prices

m

Mandatary (distribution) • Margin squeeze • Market economy investor • Market of goods or services • Market power • Market share • Media pluralism • Merger (notion) • Merger (prohibition) • Merger (withdrawal) • Merger control procedure • Merger remedies • Minority shareholdings • Misinformation

n

Ne bis in idem • Network effect • Non-competition clause • Notification • Nullity

o

Oligopoly

r

Referral (merger) • Refusal to deal • Regulated prices • Regulation • Relevant market • Remedies (antitrust) • Remedies (antitrust) • Request for information • Resale price maintenance (RPM) • Resale-below-cost • Restriction on exportation • Right against self-incrimination • Rights of defence • Rule of reason

s

Sector inquiry • Selective distribution • Services of general economic interest • Single branding • Sole control • Spill-over effects • Standard-Essential Patent (SEP) • State action defense • State aid (compatibility) • State aid (existing aid) • State aid (notification) • State aid (notion) • State aid (recovery) • State aid (tax ruling) • State aid (unlawful aid) • State measure • Substitutability • Sudden break of established business relationships

t

Technology transfer • Test SIEC (merger) • Test SLC (merger) • Transfer pricing • Transparency • Trustee (mergers) • Turnover threshold (merger) • Two-sided market • Tying or tied selling

u

Undertaking (notion) • Unfair commercial practices • Unfair competition • Universal service • Upstream market

v

Vertical agreement • Vertical restraints (or restrictions)