Trade associations consist of individuals and firms with common commercial interests, joining together to further their commercial or professional goals. The important role played by trade associations in modern economies is widely recognised. Their activities benefit their members – especially the smaller members – but they may also be beneficial in increasing the efficiency of the market. Although their principal function is to provide services to their members, trade associations also have important "industrial policy" and "political" functions. Most trade associations take an active role in shaping the way their industry works. They promote product standards and best practices, and they define and promote standard terms and conditions of sale. They publish and enforce codes of ethics, and in some cases they formulate and enforce industry self-regulation. They issue recommendations to their members on a variety of commercial and non-commercial issues. Trade associations also promote, representing and protecting the interests of members on legislation, regulations, taxation and policy matters likely to affect them. © OECD
Professional association
a
Absolute territorial protection
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Abuse of dominant position
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Abuse of economic dependence
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Access to essential facility
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Access to information
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Access to the file
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Administered prices
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Advocacy
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Agency agreement
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Agent
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Agreement (notion)
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Amicus curiae
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Ancillary restraints
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Annulment
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Anticompetitive object or effect
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Anticompetitive practices
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Antitrust
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Applicable law
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Arbitration
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Article 11 letter
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Automotive distribution
b
c
Cartel
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Civil fine
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Clearance phase I (merger)
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Clearance phase II (merger)
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Collecting society
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Collective dominance
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Collective redress (class action)
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Comity
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Commission Notice
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Competence
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Competition policy
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Complaint
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Compliance programme
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Compulsory license
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Concerted practices
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Concession
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Concurrent jurisdiction
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Consortium
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Consumers protection
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Consumers’ associations
•
Contract
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Control (change)
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Control (notion)
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Cooperation Agreement
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Cooperation between competition authorities
•
Coordinated effects
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Copyright
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Corporate group
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Corruption
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Cost-based access
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Criminal sanctions
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Cross subsidisation
d
e
ECHR
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Economic analysis
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Economic efficiency
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Economies of scale
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Effect on trade between Member States
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Effective judicial protection
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EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) & Court
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Environmental protection
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Essential facility
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European Competition Network (ECN)
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Excessive prices
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Exchanges of information
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Exclusive distribution
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Exclusive purchasing
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Exclusive right (Art. 106 TFEU)
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Exclusivity clause
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Exhaustion
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Extra-territoriality
f
i
l
m
p
Parallel imports (parallel trade)
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Passing-on
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Pay-for-delay
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Periodic penalty payment
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Personal data
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Potential competition
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Predatory pricing
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Preliminary ruling (Art. 267 TFUE)
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Price discrimination
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Price-fixing agreement
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Prices
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Principle of effectiveness
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Principle of equal treatment
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Principle of equivalence
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Principle of proportionality
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Private enforcement
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Privatization
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Procedural autonomy
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Professional association
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Public procurement
•
Public undertaking
r
Referral (merger)
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Refusal to deal
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Regulated prices
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Regulation
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Relevant market
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Remedies (antitrust)
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Remedies (antitrust)
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Request for information
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Resale price maintenance (RPM)
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Resale-below-cost
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Restriction on exportation
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Right against self-incrimination
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Rights of defence
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Rule of reason
s
Sector inquiry
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Selective distribution
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Services of general economic interest
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Single branding
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Sole control
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Spill-over effects
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Standard-Essential Patent (SEP)
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State action defense
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State aid (compatibility)
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State aid (existing aid)
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State aid (notification)
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State aid (notion)
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State aid (recovery)
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State aid (tax ruling)
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State aid (unlawful aid)
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State measure
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Substitutability
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Sudden break of established business relationships