1. Introduction Dominant undertakings, which are active in upstream and downstream markets, can squeeze margins of their downstream competitors by setting a relatively high price upstream (the input costs of their downstream competitors) and a relatively low price downstream. As margin squeeze can lead to foreclosure of downstream competitors, it constitutes a potential price-based exclusionary conduct by dominant undertakings, which is dealt with under Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (hereafter “Article 102 TFEU”). In the e-Competition’s special issue on margin squeeze in April 2014, Wiethaus and Nitsche gave an overview of EU and national case law between January 2003 and January 2014. [1] They also discussed key principles of margin squeeze
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Margin squeeze: Recent developments in EU and national case law
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