This study analyses the decision of the Turkish Competition Authority (TCA) in which it has decided that a price-fixing agreement, which was entered into by twelve small- and medium-sized bread manufacturers in a small town in the West of Turkey, did not appreciably restrict competition even though the agreement was a hardcore object restriction itself and a de minimis rule was not de jure envisaged in the Turkish Act on the Protection of Competition 1994. Background In an email sent to TCA, it was alleged that twelve bread manufacturers in Bergama/Izmir got together and agreed to fix the wholesale price of bread to retailers at 0.6 Turkish Lira (TL) (approximately € 0.25) and the resale price of bread to consumers at 0.75 TL (approximately € 0.32). The complainant
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The Turkish Competition Authority decides that a price-fixing agreement between bread manufacturers does not appreciably restrict competition (Bergama Firincilari)
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