Philippe SINGER studied at the Faculty of Law of the University of Strasbourg where he completed postgraduate degrees in public law and political science. He remained with the Faculty of Law between 1970 and 1980, during which period he was an assistant lecturer in public law. In 1980, he joined the Research and Documentation Directorate of the Court of Justice of the European Communities where, other than a period spent as legal secretary to Advocate General J. Mischo between 1998 and 2002, he has spent his entire career. At present, he is Head of Division and manages a unit dealing with competition law issues. He also represents the Court of Justice on the Joint Council on Constitutional Justice of the Venice Commission, and lectures at the MGIMO University in Moscow, as well as at the University of Nancy.
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This article deals with the deterrent effect of fines imposed by the European Commission on undertakings for infringements of EC competition rules. It focuses on two main aspects of the implementation of the "deterrence factor". Firstly, the need to ensure a deterrent effect is a general (...)
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