The practice of electronic reverse auctions is covered in France since the Law of August 2, 2005 (“Loi Dutreil”), slightly modified by a Law of January 3, 2008, and introduced in our commercial code under the Article L 442-10. This Article provides for the conditions of validity of the contract (...)

Firms often choose to sell several products as a bundle, associated with a rebate. In other cases, they offer rebates to those clients who commit to buy their products for a long period of time, or for a high volume. In many cases, these various rebates only pass on to consumers the economies (...)

This set of three papers are derived from the training session on the “Passing on defence” organized by Concurrences Review that has held on 5th July 2011 in Paris. The first contribution written by the economist Emmanuel Combe is dedicated to the definition of the fundamental notions. The second (...)

This set of three papers is derived from the training session on the supplier-distributor relationships organised by Concurrences Review that has held on 22th October 2010 in Paris. The first contribution written by Mr.Joseph Vogel and Mr. Louis Vogel, is dedicated to the consideration of the (...)

This 4th roundtable of the Paris 27 May 2010 conference was dedicated to the issue of agency. The application of the prohibition of restrictive agreements to agency agreements remains particularly tricky to deal with. The European Commission applying its theory elaborated throughout its (...)

The assessment and quantification of the (price) effects of cartels plays an increasingly important role not only in the setting of fines in actual cases but also in policy discussions, both on the European and on the national level. Competition policy aimed at achieving optimal cartel (...)